Category: Gun Info for Rookies
Fred Reed on War
This column is on lactation and isn’t going to write a damned word until half-October. People are talking about some Vietnam series by Ken Burns, I think it is .I saw the original, so I’ll pass. But if we want opinions, I’ll contribute from long ago.
Harper’s, December, 1980
I begin to weary of the stories about veterans that are now in vogue with the newspapers, the stories that dissect the veteran’s psyche as if prying apart a laboratory frog — patronizing stories written by style-section reporters who know all there is to know about chocolate mousse, ladies’ fashions, and the wonderful desserts that can be made with simple jello. I weary of seeing veterans analyzed and diagnosed and explained by people who share nothing with veterans, by people who, one feels intuitively, would regard it as a harrowing experience to be alone in a backyard. Week after week the mousse authorities tell us what is wrong with the veteran. The veteran is badly in need of adjustment, they say — lacks balance, needs fine tuning to whatever it is in society that one should be attuned to. What we have here, all agree, with omniscience and veiled condescension, is a victim: The press loves a victim. The veteran has bad dreams, say the jello writers, is alienated, may be hostile, doesn’t socialize well — isn’t, to be frank, quite right in the head.
But perhaps it is the veteran’s head to be right or wrong in, and maybe it makes a difference what memories are in the head. For the jello writers the war was a moral fable on Channel Four, a struggle hinging on Nixon and Joan Baez and the inequities of this or that. I can’t be sure. The veterans seem to have missed the war by having been away in Vietnam at the time and do not understand the combat as it raged in the internecine cocktail parties of Georgetown.
Still, to me Vietnam was not what it was to the jello writers, not a ventilation of pious simplisms, not the latest literary interpretation of the domino theory. It left me memories the fashion writers can’t imagine. It was the slums of Truong Minh Ky, where dogs’ heads floated in pools of green water and three-inch roaches droned in sweltering back-alley rooms and I was happy. Washington knows nothing of hot, whore-rich, beery Truong Minh Ky. I remember riding the bomb boats up the Mekong to Phnom Penh, with the devilish brown river closing in like a vise and rockets shrieking from the dim jungle to burst against the sandbagged wheelhouse, and crouching below the waterline between the diesel tanks. The mousse authorities do not remember this. I remember the villa on Monivong in Phnom Penh, with Sedlacek, the balding Australian hippie, and Naoki, the crazy freelance combat photographer, and Zoco, the Frenchman, when the night jumped and flickered with the boom of artillery and we listened to Mancini on shortwave and watched Nara dance. Washington’s elite do not know Nara. They know much of politicians and of furniture.
If I try to explain what Vietnam meant to me — I haven’t for years, and never will again — they grow uneasy at my intensity. “My God,” their eyes say, “he sounds as though he liked it over there. Something in the experience clearly snapped an anchoring ligament in his mind and left him with odd cravings, a perverse view of life — nothing dangerous, of course, but… The war did that to them,” they say. “War is hell.”
Well, yes, they may have something there. When you have seen a peasant mother screaming over several pounds of bright red mush that, thanks to God and a Chicom 107, is no longer precisely her child, you see that Sherman may have been on to something. When you have eaten fish with Khmer troops in charred Cambodian battlefields, where the heat beats down like a soft rubber truncheon and a wretched stink comes from shallow graves, no particular leap of imagination is necessary to notice that war is no paradise. I cannot say that the jello writers are wrong in their understanding of war. But somehow I don’t like hearing pieties about the war from these sleek, wise people who never saw it.
There were, of course, veterans and veterans. Some hated the war, some didn’t. Some went around the bend down in IV Corps, where leeches dropped softly down collars like green sausages and death erupted unexpected from the ungodly foliage. To men in the elite groups — the Seals, Special Forces, Recondos, and Lurps who spent years in the Khmer bush, low to the ground where the ants bit hard — the war was a game with stakes high enough to engage their attention. They liked to play.
To many of us there, the war was the best time of our lives, almost the only time. We loved it because in those days we were alive, life was intense, the pungent hours passed fast over the central event of the age and the howling jets appeased the terrible boredom of existence. Psychologists, high priests of the mean, say that boredom is a symptom of maladjustment; maybe, but boredom has been around longer than psychologists have.
The jello writers would say we are mad to remember fondly anything about Nixon’s war that Kennedy started. They do not remember the shuddering flight of a helicopter high over glowing green jungle that spread beneath us like a frozen sea. They never made the low runs a foot above treetops along paths that led like rivers through branches clawing at the skids, never peered down into murky clearings and bubbling swamps of sucking snake-ridden muck. They do not remember monsoon mornings in the highlands where dragons of mist twisted in the valleys, coiling lazily on themselves, puffing up and swallowing whole villages in their dank breath. The mousse men do not remember driving before dawn to Red Beach, when the headlights in the blackness caught ghostly shapes, maybe VC, thin yellow men mushroom-headed in the night, bicycling along the alien roads. As nearly as I can tell, jello writers do not remember anything.
Then it was over. The veterans came home. Suddenly the world seemed to stop dead in the water. Suddenly the slant-eyed hookers were gone, and the gunships and the wild drunken nights in places that the jello writers can’t imagine. Suddenly the veterans were among soft, proper people who knew nothing of what they had done and what they had seen, and who, truth be told, didn’t much like them.
Nor did some of us much like the people at home — though it was not at first a conscious distaste. Men came home with wounds and terrible memories and dead friends to be greeted by that squalling she-ass of Tom Hayden’s, to find a country that, having sent them to Viet Nam, now viewed them as criminals for having been there. Slowly, to more men than will admit to it, the thought came: “These are the people I fought for?” And so we lost a country.
We looked around us with new eyes and saw that, in a sense the mousse people could never understand, we had lost even our dignity. I remember a marine corporal at Bethesda Naval Hospital who, while his wounds healed, had to run errands for the nurses, last year’s co-eds. “A hell of a bust,” he said with the military’s sardonic economy of language. “Machine gunner to messenger boy.”
It wasn’t exactly that we didn’t fit. Rather, we saw what there was to fit with — and recoiled. We sought jobs, but found offices where countless bureaucrats shuffled papers at long rows of desks, like battery hens awaiting the laying urge, their bellies billowing over their belts. Some of us joined them but some, in different ways, fled. A gunship pilot of my acquaintance took to the law, and to drink, and spent five years discovering that he really wanted to be in Rhodesia. Others went back into the death-in-the-bushes outfits, where the hard old rules still held. I drifted across Asia, Mexico, Wyoming, hitchhiking and sleeping in ditches until I learned that aberrant behavior, when written about, is literature.
The jello writers were quickly upon us. We were morose, they said, sullen. We acted strangely at parties, sat silently in corners and watched with noncommittal stares. Mentally, said the fashion experts, we hadn’t made the trip home.
It didn’t occur to them that we just had nothing to say about jello. Desserts mean little to men who have lain in dark rifle pits over Happy Valley in rainy season, watching mortar flares tremble in low-lying clouds that flickered like the face of God, while in the nervous evening safeties clicked off along the wire and amtracs rumbled into alert idles, coughing and waiting.
Once, after the GIs had left Saigon, I came out of a bar on Cach Mang and saw a veteran with a sign on his jacket: VIET NAM: IF YOU HAVEN’T BEEN THERE, SHUT THE FUCK UP. Maybe, just maybe, he had something.
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The following list was compiled from various online and print sources, including the major ammo manufacturers’ sales lists and the sales of RCBS reloading dies. The various sources tend to parallel each other, with certain exceptions. Bear in mind that a lot (probably the majority) of .223 and 7.62×39 ammo sold is for plinking or “tactical” use, not hunting. The same probably applies to a lower, but still significant, percentage of the .308 ammo sold. The .223, .308, .30-06, .30-30, .270, .243, 7mm Rem. Mag. and .300 Win. Mag. appear on almost all lists. The .22-250, 7.62x39mm, .300 WSM, .338 Win. Mag. and 7mm-08 Rem. have appeared on at least one list, but not others, while the .222 Remington, .30 Carbine and .303 British (once Top 10 stalwarts on most lists) have dropped back in popularity. The .300 Win. Mag. and 7mm Rem. Mag. swap places on some lists. Anyway, here are the averaged results based on the data that I could find. Consider it approximate. USA (Averaged 2015 sales rank)
An interesting survey of the most popular hunting cartridges in use in south/central Alaska was published by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game back in 2000. Very large animals, such as moose and the great bears are hunted here, as well as deer, goats, black bear and caribou, and the Alaskan list reflects this. The number in parenthesis is the percentage of hunters using each caliber. Note the abrupt fall off in popularity after the .30-06, .300 Win. Mag. and .338 Win. Mag. ALASKA TOP TEN CARTRIDGES (Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game survey, 2000)
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Opinion : John explains why he prefers Collectibles Insurance Services’ gun insurance policy over his regular homeowners insurance.

U.S.A. –-(Ammoland.com)- Imagine if you come home to find your treasured collection of firearms gone. Years of collecting and thousands of dollars down the drain. If only there were a way to protect your investment!
This scenario has been one of my greatest fears. About a year ago I started looking into how to protect myself not only for theft but also from other events like fire or flooding.
There is always homeowner’s insurance, but that can be very risky. Depending on your policy, homeowner’s insurance might not cover your firearms. If your policy does include your guns, the policy will most likely base the value of your collection on the sale price of your guns minus depreciation and your deductible. This formula means that it considers your Colt Python at most is worth $125 since that was the original sale price.
The policy also usually has a limit of the amount that the insurance company will cover for the items in your house. For example, my homeowner’s policy will only cover up to $2500 for my gun collection. I found out that some policies have an even lower cap.
Most insurance companies also want a list of the firearms you have including serial numbers. Giving this information over to an insurance company makes me nervous. Maybe it is just paranoia, but I don’t want information on my collection being turned over to Big Brother.
Most homeowner’s insurance companies do not cover acts of God such as floods and earthquakes unless the homeowner has additional insurance. I found this out the hard way when there was damage to my house after an extremely rare Virginia earthquake.
There is a way to keep your investment your gun collection safe. Collector’s insurance is something every gun owner with more than one or two guns should consider buying. It gives me a little more peace of mind when I compare it to just relying on my homeowner’s policy.
Collectibles Insurance Services

One of the best companies that offer collector’s insurance is Collectibles Insurance Services. Their rates were even cheaper than it was to schedule my firearms onto my homeowner’s policy.
The product that they sell is far superior to my homeowner’s policy. One of the most significant advantages it has over traditional policies and what drew me to it is the fact that the policy covers more than just my firearms.
Optics and other firearms accessories are not cheap. I am into long range shooting. Some of my scopes cost more than my rifles. Collectibles Insurance Services covers all my optics even when I do not have them mounted on my guns.
I also buy ammunition in bulk. It is cheaper in the long run, but the upfront cost is a lot higher. Losing all my ammo means losing a lot of money. Luckily for me, Collectibles Insurance Services (CIS) even covers the cost of ammunition! Not only that, but they also include coverage for the price my gun safes.

I also prefer how Collectibles Insurance Services calculate the value of my guns. Different from the homeowner’s policy that I have, CIS uses the actual market value of the firearms with no deductible. That means that I would get paid out the current price of the Mosin Nagant I paid $75 for at a gun show back in the day. With my homeowner’s insurance policy, it wouldn’t be worth putting in a claim if something happened to my Mosin.
CIS ties their policies to the firearms and not the home. If your gun gets stolen from your car, then you are covered. I also travel with a firearm when I fly. If my gun gets taken from my checked bag when traveling, I know they still have my back. Collectibles Insurance Services even covers your guns if the postal services lose it when mailing my gun out to say a gunsmith.
Another cool thing about the collector’s policy offered by CIS is that it covers bladed weapons. I have a CAS Hanwei Oni Katana. It’s a real cutting sword. Its quality is impeccable, but that quality comes with a steep price. If anything ever happened to it, I would be able to put in a claim for its value.
No Firearms Serial Numbers Required, Your Guns Remain Private
This ‘like’ is a big deal. I like that Collectibles Insurance Services doesn’t ask for the serial numbers of your guns. Call me paranoid, but I don’t like sharing those with anyone. You only need to list firearms valued over $25,000 on the policy individualy. Even then, they only ask for make, model, and an estimated value of the gun.
CIS also covers my antique firearms along with my modern guns. This wide range of coverage saves me the pain of getting multiple policies.
CIS makes the process of getting a quote straightforward. All the collector have to do is answer a few easy questions on their website. They also have a toll free number ( 888-837-9537 ) where one of their team members can answer any question about their products.
From the collector to the dealer (yes they cover FFL dealer’s too!) everyone needs to protect his or her investment, and that is what Collectibles Insurance Services does best. Their service is something I hope I never have to use, but if I do, then I will be glad I have it.
You can get a free quote from Collectibles Insurance Services at https://collectinsure.com/guns
A CIS team member can answer any questions you have for them. They are available Monday to Friday from 8:30 AM to 5 PM ET at 888-837-9537.
About John Crump
John is an NRA instructor and a constitutional activist. He is the former CEO of Veritas Firearms, LLC and is the co-host of The Patriot-News Podcast which can be found at www.blogtalkradio.com/patriotnews. John has written extensively on the patriot movement including 3%’ers, Oath Keepers, and Militias. In addition to the Patriot movement, John has written about firearms, interviewed people of all walks of life, and on the Constitution. John lives in Northern Virginia with his wife and sons and is currently working on a book on leftist deplatforming methods and can be followed on Twitter at @crumpyss, on Facebook at realjohncrump, or at www.crumpy.com.
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Mosin Nagant Rifle Exploded Views and Disassembly All content copyright © 7.62x54r.net |
The Mosin Nagant is a simple design that is easy to repair and maintain, but proper technique and an understanding of the design is important.
This page will attempt to guide Mosin owners through partial and complete disassembly and provide a pictorial reference of the various parts. For information on which parts will interchange between various models, see the Mosin Nagant Parts Compatibility page.
Tools Quality gunsmithing tools are imperative to prevent damage during firearm disassembly. Anyone who’s handled surplus firearms has seen the stripped screw heads, scratched metal and scarred wood.
While damage in battle is part of the history of a firearm, damage from poor maintenance techniques is a destruction of that history. Past damage can’t be undone, but future damage can be prevented.
A good set of hollow ground screwdrivers in various sizes is the most useful tool on the firearm bench. Following that, brass and steel punches and a light hammer are very handy. Forceps for handling small parts and a magnetic bowl for keeping track of them are useful.
A well lit, clean work area also helps prevent the loss of small parts. A protective mat on the bench will protect the finish of the firearm and a gun vise can make the job much easier when “three hands” are required. Plastic picks, nylon brushes, paper or cloth towels, swabs and pipe cleaners make detail cleaning easier.
A quality cleaning rod and patches will soon be appreciated over the discount variety for periodic maintenance.
Types of solvent and opinions on their use are almost as numerous as gun owners and is beyond the scope of this page. Dummy cartridges for checking function, a firing pin protrusion gauge, and a set of headspace gauges round out the well equipped bench.
Exploded Views Below are exploded views of a Soviet M91/30. Other models have variations in the parts which will be covered later. The primary differences are in the stock hardware and sights, especially among the later Finnish models. For larger views, click on the pictures.
| 1. receiver and barrel 2. stock 3. handguard 4. magazine body/triggerguard 5. nosecap 6. nosecap screw 7. front barrel band spring |
8. rear barrel band spring 9. front barrel band 10. rear barrel band 11. cleaning rod 12. cleaning rod retaining nut 13. stock recoil bolt 14. stock recoil bolt nut |
15. butt plate 16. butt plate screw (2) 17. magazine tang screw 18. receiver tang screw 19. front sight 20. rear sight assembly 21. interrupter/ejector assembly |
22. follower assembly 23. floorplate latch and screw 24. trigger/sear assembly 25. bolt assembly 26. sling and dog collars |
| 1. sear/trigger spring 2. sear screw 3. trigger/bolt stop 4. trigger pin |
5. floorplate latch 6. floorplate latch screw 7. floorplate 8. follower carrier spring |
9. follower carrier spring screw 10. follower carrier pin 11. follower carrier 12. follower spring |
13. follower pin 14. follower |
| 1. ejector 2. interrupter/ejector spring 3. interrupter/ejector spring screw |
4. rear sight base 5. rear sight base pin (2) 6. rear sight leaf spring |
7. rear sight leaf 8. rear sight leaf pin 9. rear sight slide body |
10. rear sight slide buttons (2) 11. rear sight slide button springs (2) |
| 1. bolt body 2. cocking knob/safety 3. guide rod/connector 4. firing pin |
5. firing pin spring 6. bolt head 7. extractor |
Disassembly The following pictures and comments will illustrate the disassembly procedure for the Soviet M91/30.
| Before beginning disassembly, maintenance, or cleaning on any firearm visually inspect the chamber and magazine to be sure that it is unloaded. | |
| Remove the sling by unbuckling the dog collars and removing them from the sling slots.Unscrew the cleaning rod counterclockwise |
| Depress the barrel band retaining springs and slide the barrel bands forward. |
| Decock the bolt by turning the cocking knob 90 degrees counterclockwise and pull the bolt head and connector bar forward. |
| Remove the magazine tang screw. | ||
| Remove the receiver tang screw. |
| Depress the floorplate latch and pull the floorplate away from the magazine body. Compress the follower assembly and pull it straight down from the magazine body. |
This completes partial disassembly for routine cleaning and maintenance.
For detailed disassembly, including the magazine and bolt assemblies, continue below.
| Unscrew the butt plate. |
| Remove the floorplate latch screw and pull the floorplate latch straight down out of the magazine body/trigger guard. |
| Drift out the follower pin and follower carrier pin. The follower carrier spring is screwed to the floorplate. The follower spring can be removed from the follower carrier by lifting up and back. |
| Drift out the trigger pin and remove the sear/trigger spring screw. |
| Drift the front sight off of it’s base. The barrel band can now be removed from the barrel.Note: The front sight base is staked to hold the sight in place. It should only be removed if necessary. |
| Drift the extractor out the back of the bolt head.Note: Removal of the extractor is seldom necessary and there is a risk of damaging it. If it is necessary, a drop of penetrating oil beforehand is recommended. |
Reassembly Reassemble the rifle in the reverse order of disassembly taking note of the following:
Model Specifics The M91/30 was chosen because it is one of the most common models of the Mosin design and is more similar to all other models than any other model. Below are the exceptions to the above instructions for all other commonly encountered models of Mosins.
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All content copyright © 7.62x54r.net |

Yeah, I know I suckered you folks out there! Grumpy
How To Clean A Pistol In HD
Every time you fire your gun, carbon, lead, copper and plastic—if shooting shotgun—residue are left in the barrel, chamber and action. Each time you fire your gun more of this fouling residue builds up.
This fouling comes from the powder, wad and bullets. Further, moisture from weather and sweat can cause corrosive rust to damage your gun’s metal parts. Fouling built up over time can impact a gun’s reliability. You will find that a dirty gun causes many malfunctions.
Types of Fouling
Almost all bullets—centerfire and rimfire—are made of a lead core with some type of copper jacket surrounding it. Even lead-free ammunition contains copper. The four most common types of fouling are:
Carbon, which occurs as a result of the burning powder that propels the bullet from the chamber through the barrel
- Copper, caused by copper-jacketed bullets leaving residue in the gun’s barrel after firing
- Lead, caused by lead bullets leaving residue in the gun’s barrel after firing
- Plastic, caused by the plastic wads from shotshells
It is impossible to find ammunition that will not foul your gun.
Black powder, most Berdan-primed and a lot of military surplus ammunition is corrosive. This means there are salts in the ammo’s primer.
These salts will damage your gun. If you shoot a gun using corrosive ammunition, you should clean it after each shooting session. As far as the rules regarding frequency of gun cleaning go, this is where it stops.
No Rules
There is no hard and fast rule to when you should clean your guns. Some people clean their gun after every shooting session. Others never clean their guns. Truly, there is no right answer.
Retired military and law enforcement tend to clean their guns after every shooting session. Because of their training, they feel that a clean gun prevents malfunctions.
One retired police officer told me, “Clean them as if your life depends on it.” This is somewhat true. Dirty semi-automatic guns tend to fail-to-fire (FTF) and failure-to-feed (FTF) more often than when the gun is clean.
A gunsmith told me his gun cleaning routine depends on the gun. After every use, he cleans his precision rifle. However, he rarely cleans his .22s.
Copper build-up inside a gun’s barrel can effect the bullets velocity by slowing it down. Further, barrel fouling also affects the barrel’s rifling. Shooting a dirty precision rifle can greatly effect the gun’s accuracy.
The Rusty Gun Gets the Oil
Rust can cause severe damage becoming corrosive and eating through the metal. I’ve even heard horror stories of parts rusting together. Rust also will affect the rifling in the barrel causing pits to occur.
A retired Air Force veteran cleans his semi-autos after each use, but not his .22s: He says he just leaves a little bit of oil on the outside of his rimfires to prevent rust. If you are going to store your gun for a long period, you should take preventative measures to avoid damaging rust.
So can you clean your gun too much? Some say you can, but over cleaning is just like under cleaning—it’s all a matter of opinion. I know someone who ran over 40,000 rounds through his Remington 870 and cleaned it only once because he felt guilty.
Despite differing opinions on when and how often you should clean your guns, all experienced gun owners agree that a little oil and lube goes a long way. I keep oil in my range bag.
I have never cleaned my semi-auto .22 rifle, but when I get malfunctions at the range, I just add a little oil and I’m good to go.
A friend of mine who participates at shooting leagues goes one-step further by running a bore snake through her pistols when she experiences issues. One of the most experienced shooters I know says, “A gun that has no lubrication is going to fail much sooner than a dirty, but well-lubricated firearm.”
You aren’t doing anything wrong if you clean your gun after every range visit. Some find it relaxing and therapeutic. Others just love breaking down their gun and putting it back together.
On the other hand, you aren’t doing anything wrong if you don’t clean your gun after every range visit. One seasoned shooter I know says, “If it doesn’t work dirty, than it’s not a dependable gun.” Whatever your cleaning routine is, it is important to remember that guns are a machine, periodic maintenance never hurts it and will only keep it in proper working order. For the very basics on cleaning your gun, read our post New Year New Gun: Cleaning and Maintenance.
________________________________ Me? I try and clean my guns every time I shoot them. Unless my back is acting up. Then I will clean them as soon as I am physically able to! Grumpy

What Does Caliber Mean?
Caliber is the size of the bullet’s diameter and can be measured in both imperial (inches) and metric (mm) units. If it doesn’t say mm after, it’s likely in inches (because ‘Murica).
And for terminology’s sake…a “bullet” is just the metal projectile while the entire thing is called a “cartridge” or “round.”

Rifle Bullet/Cartridge Guide
Rifles and rifle cartridges can do that at ranges that pistols cannot and were never designed to.
The rifle, itself, is only half the equation. The cartridge is the other half, and when it comes to that other half, you have a number of options.
Shooting squirrels? You might want something small and accurate. Shooting xenomorphs? Probably something bigger.
Here’s the definition and units of some of the things we’ll be using to compare the different calibers.
- Bullet weight: Measured in grains (gr) where 7000 grains make up a pound…so it’s a really small unit.
- Velocity: Speed of the bullet in feet/sec
- Energy: Measured in Joules (J), a rough approximation for the power of the round
Let’s get to it!
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.22LR

This tiny low-recoiling round is popular for both rifles and pistols. Called the “twenty-two” long rifle, it’s a “rimfire” cartridge instead of “centerfire” because the firing pin hits the rim of the case instead of…the center.

The .22 long rifle is probably the most popular rifle round out there.
Its small size and high velocity make it ideal for hitting small game like squirrels at range, and its low recoil make it a great round for beginners and children who want to shoot but don’t want the shoulder bruises that come with a larger round.
Usually reserved for target shooting or small pests, that doesn’t mean it’s not deadly to human targets either. The small caliber bullets tend to bounce around inside a body and wreak havok.
- Bullet Weight: 30-40 gr
- Velocity: 1200-1600 ft/s
- Energy: 140-160 J
- Price Per Round: ~7 cents
.30 Carbine

Blast to the past! Not super common nowadays, but it was the ammo for the M1 carbine back in WWII and up to the Korean War. Pretty low recoil and really fun to shoot in the M1 if you get a chance.
- Bullet Weight: 110 gr
- Velocity: 2000 ft/s
- Energy: 1300 J
- Price Per Round: ~40 cents
.300 BLK

The “three-hundred Blackout” is a new round (20011) that aimed to put the larger .30 caliber bullet (such as the AK-47) into the AR platform that normally took .22 caliber bullets. And also to offer great suppression abilities and the use of current magazines. Recoil is pretty similar to the regular soft-shooting 5.56x45mm of the AR-15.
- Bullet Weight: 125 gr
- Velocity: 2200 ft/s
- Energy: 1360 J
- Price Per Round: ~70 cents
7.62x39mm

The 7.62x39mm cartridge is a Russian round designed for use in the venerable AK-47 and SKS rifles. With the importation of these rifles to the U.S., the 7.62x39mm has become a popular round, and some bolt-action rifles, notably from CZ, and semi-autos like the Ruger Mini-30 use it. The round is large enough for medium sized game such as deer and more than adequate for self defense. Moderate recoil and moderate range but great knockdown power.
- Bullet Weight: 123 gr
- Velocity: 2400 ft/s
- Energy: 2180 J
- Price Per Round: ~20 cents
5.56x45mm or .223

The standard caliber of the M-16, M-4, and the civilian AR-15. 5.56x45mm (five-five-six) is the NATO round and is normally loaded a little “hotter” than the civilian .223 (two-two-three) even though the two are dimensionally the same. Extremely accurate and soft shooting.
BONUS: Shoot better. Download our exclusive shooting targets for FREE ($47 value)Larger than a .22lr, but not by much, many states don’t allow hunters to use .223 on large game like deer because it’s considered inhumane. It’s used, therefore, more as a varmint round, used to kill prairie dogs at long range or predators such as coyotes.
Best AR-15 Ammo: Home Defense & Range
- Bullet Weight: 55-62 gr
- Velocity: 3100 ft/s
- Energy: 1770 J
- Price Per Round: ~30 cents
7.62x51mm or .308

The big brother of the 5.56, the “seven-six-two” NATO round is used by the US military and the .308 “three-oh-eight” is its civilian equivalent. But this time, the .308 is usually the hotter round. Much more recoil than the 5.56 but with extended range and knockdown power. There’s very few animals this round won’t take down and it’s also the de facto sniper round the world over.
- Bullet Weight: 147-175 gr
- Velocity: 2600-2700 ft/s
- Energy: 3300-3500J
- Price Per Round: ~75 cents
7.62x54mmR

Russian cartridge that is still in military issue today. Popular for their sniper rifles, the 7.62 “Russian” (the R actually stands for rimmed and not Russian), is hard hitting with a good amount of recoil. When you hear this round mentioned, there is one rifle that is always associated with it: the Mosin Nagant. Surplus makes it cheap to shoot such a large caliber though.
- Bullet Weight: 150-181 gr
- Velocity: 2500-2800 ft/s
- Energy: 3600 J
- Price Per Round: ~60 cents
.30-06

The .30-06 began life as the .30 government and was made the primary U.S. military round in 1906 (hence the “06” in the name), replacing the .30-03 round. Though it was eventually replaced by the 7.62x51mm round in the military after 50+ years, the 06 remains a popular bolt-action hunting round capable of killing any animal in North America given it’s tremendous knockdown power and range. With great power comes great recoil, and a pretty steep price per round.
- Bullet Weight: 150-200 gr
- Velocity: 2500-2900 ft/s
- Energy: 2800-3000 J
- Price Per Round: ~$1.50
.50 BMG

No rifle caliber guide is complete without the big boy “fifty-cal” BMG (Browning Machine Gun). It puts everything else to shame with it’s immense size difference. Super long range, knockdown ability, and recoil in the form of everything from machine guns to sniper rifles.
- Bullet Weight: 647-800 gr
- Velocity: 2800-3000 ft/s
- Energy: 18,000 J
- Price Per Round: ~$3.00
Conclusion
So there you have it, our guide of some common rifle calibers. Anything we missed that you really think should be here? Here’s some other articles you might want to check out:

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