Category: Ammo
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Some more red hot gospel!
The metric system has always been poorly received here in the United States, while having been adopted nearly the worldwide. We often struggle to adopt the metric cartridges—save the 7mm Remington Magnum and the more modern 6.5 Creedmoor—sometimes renaming them to something more familiar feeling. Many of the European bores have been renamed—the 7mms are .280, .284, .275 and the 6mms are .243 and .244—and some have been shunned altogether. The 9.3mm cartridges are one example; while the .375 H&H Magnum and similar cartridges have become favorites among the American shooting populous, the majority are unfamiliar with the slightly smaller 9.3mm cartridges. From the 9.3x62mm and 9.3×64 Brenneke to the 9.3x74R, this family of cartridges is often overlooked here in America, yet they make a great choice for the hunter. When is a 9.3mm not a 9.3mm? When the name is Americanized to the .370 Sako Magnum.
The 9.3mm bore equates to .366-inch, and sitting in between the .358-inch bore—which Americans have loved for so long—and the highly wide-ranging .375-inch bore is not a bad place to be, at all. Otto Bock’s 9.3x62mm Mauser, having been released nearly a century before the .370 Sako Magnum, affords a healthy following throughout Europe, and also in those African countries which were former European colonies. Designed for use in the 98 Mauser, the 9.3x62mm works just fine in that classic bolt-action rifle. Wilhelm Brenneke introduced his 9.3x64mm Brenneke in 1927, giving a boost in velocities for those who preferred the repeating rifles, giving performance on par with the .375 H&H Magnum in a rifle with a shorter receiver.
In 2003, the Finnish firearms manufacturer Sako released their own variant of the 9.3mm rimless cartridge: the 9.3x66mm Sako, or as it is known here in America, the .370 Sako Magnum.
It is, in essence, an elongated version of the 9.3x62mm Mauser, sharing many of the same characteristics in a longer format. It has the same 0.473-inch rim diameter common to the Mauser family of cartridges (carried over to a significant number of our American cartridges, including the .30-06 Springfield and .308 Winchester), and uses a 17 ½-degree shoulder; the .30-06 Springfield uses the same shoulder angle, and the 9.3x62mm uses a 17-degree shoulder.
Like the 9.3x62mm, the .370 Sako Magnum has a neck length of 0.307 inches; this is less than the desired one-caliber in length, and many reloaders insist on using a stout roll crimp to keep the projectiles where they put them, instead of relying on neck tension alone. With a case length of 2.598 inches (read 66mm) the .370 Sako offers an increased powder capacity when compared to the 9.3x62mm, yet the longer case maintains the 3.340-inch cartridge overall length common to a standard, long-action receiver.
Federal Premium loads the 286-grain bullets in the .370 Sako Magnum at a muzzle velocity of 2550 fps, generating 4,129 ft.-lbs. of energy at the muzzle. Comparing this to the classic 9.3x62mm, you’ll see the shorter cartridge launching the same bullet at 2360 fps, for 3,537 ft.-lbs. The .370 Sako Magnum is often (and rightfully) compared to the .375 H&H Magnum, which uses a 300-grain bullet at velocities ranging from 2440 fps to 2530 fps, delivering 4,000 to 4,250 ft.-lbs. of energy at the muzzle.
There are some African countries which specify a minimum of .375-inch bore diameter for hunting dangerous game, but in those countries where the 9.3mm cartridges are legal, I would have no qualms using the .370 Sako Magnum. The .375s will have a slightly larger frontal diameter, but the 300-grain .375 bullet and the 286-grain 9.3mm bullet share the same sectional density (S.D.) value of 0.305; any bullet with a S.D. value over .300 is considered to be a good choice for dangerous game work.
Looking at the trajectory of the .370 Sako Magnum (in the guise of Federal’s 286-grain Swift A-Frame load), a 200-yard zero will see the bullet striking 2.5 inches high at 100 yards, 10.1 inches low at 300 yards, and 30 inches low at 400 yards. This results in a rather flexible package; while the .370 Sako Magnum might not shoot as flat as a .300 Winchester Magnum with a sleek spitzer boattail, its trajectory isn’t radically different from the .30-06 Springfield, and makes a good choice for a bull moose across the swamp, a bull elk across a canyon, a Cape buffalo in the jesse, or a kudu in the rooibos.
The 9.3x64mm Brenneke can deliver slightly higher velocities than the .370 Sako Magnum by about 50 fps but the case dimensions are unique, and will require a unique bolt face which will result in a more expensive rifle. Does the .370 Sako Magnum have a future? Well, it absolutely should, as it delivers performance on par with the beloved .375 H&H, in a package which can hold one additional round in the magazine, in a lighter rifle. I also find the recoil of the .370 Sako Magnum to have less recoil than does the .375 H&H, and not much more than that of the 9.3x62mm.
Of late it seems the popularity of the .370 Sako has all but disappeared. Federal Premium still has two loads listed (and currently available) on their website: a 286-grain Swift A-Frame and a 286-grain Woodleigh Hydrostatically Stabilized Solid, both at 2550 fps. Other than the Federal ammo, you’d have to either handload the .370 Sako or contact one of the boutique ammo shops to make your ammunition. Despite the lack of popularity, if I found a Sako Model 85 chambered for the .370 Sako Magnum and it fit me well, I wouldn’t hesitate to take that rifle for any of the bigger game species.
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It wasn’t long before experimenters came up with even heavier loads for the .38/44. In 1932, Ed McGivern had high praise for both the revolvers and the new cartridge. He spoke of shooting the Outdoorsman out to 500 yards and called it the finest gun ever turned out by anybody at any time. The .38/44 Heavy Duty was considered “… the finest, strongest, all around general-purpose gun, coming from all angles, that has ever been given to the shooting public.” Experimenters like Elmer Keith and Phil Sharpe came up with much heavier loads and Keith’s .38/44 load is still a standard today among sixgunners.
Taffin shooting his long-barreled Smith & Wesson 8-3/8″ .357 Magnum.
The Beginning
The S&W .38/44 Outdoorsman made the .357 Magnum possible and the latter really started in the hunting fields. Sharpe, in his monumental work, Complete Guide To Handloading, published in 1937, said, “The .357 Magnum cartridge was born in the mind of the author several years ago. On a hunting trip with Col. D.B. Wesson, Vice-President of Smith & Wesson, a pair of heavy framed Outdoorsman revolvers was used with a large assortment of handloads developed and previously tested by the author. In the field they proved entirely practical, but Col. Wesson was not content to attempt the development of a Magnum .38 Special cartridge for ordinary revolvers, and set to work on a new gun planned in the field.”
In 1935 their work with the .38/44, as well as, by ammunition companies, resulted in a new cartridge. The .38 Special case was lengthened and a new name was needed. Wesson, of Smith & Wesson, used the diameter of the bullet, .357″ and the French word for a large bottle of champagne, Magnum, and the .357 Magnum arrived. The original load was 15.4 grains of Hercules 2400 under a 158-grain lead bullet and ignited by a large—not small—primer.
The first Magnum sixgun, known appropriately as “The .357 Magnum” was born. The .357 Magnum sixguns were more than simply production guns. Each of the new .357s were specially fitted and finished, and given a registration number in addition to a serial number. In 1935, in the midst of the Great Depression, the new sixgun and cartridge were so popular Smith & Wesson soon dropped the special registration, as they could not keep up with the demand. Back then, $60 was a lot of money, but many shooters were more than willing to pay it to get the finest revolver ever made up to that point.
Gen. Patton and his .357 Smith & Wesson were featured on the cover of the December 1986 issue.
Patton purchased this Smith & Wesson 3-1/2″ Registered Magnum .357 in Hawaii in 1935 and
referred to it as his “killing gun.” The ivory grips had his initials on the right grip panel.
Remember, 1935 was long before the age of instant communication or even gun magazines, except the American Rifleman. Elmer Keith wrote up the .357 for the latter, but opined the barrel was too long and he still preferred the .44 Special. Wesson promoted the new gun and cartridge using both a 6-1/2″ and 8-3/4″ .357 Magnum-taking elk, antelope and black bear. He even went to Alaska with the hopes of taking a brown bear, but was unable to find one. After contemplation, he felt it was a good thing he had not done so. In later years both of these early .357 Magnum, revolvers were owned by Col. Rex Applegate, and it was my privilege to be able to handle them. After his death they were sold, so they now belong to a Smith & Wesson collector somewhere.
Keith’s .38/44 load used his 173-grain 358429 hardcast bullet, which proved too long for use in the .357 Magnum cartridge due to the length of the Smith & Wesson cylinder. Sharpe designed a 158-grain bullet with a shorter nose and less bearing surface for use in the new cartridge, and published extensive reloading data while warning reloaders not to take this cartridge for granted. In the early 1950s it was left to Ray Thompson to come up with the ideal bullet for the .357 Magnum with his gas-checked 358156. Leading was always a problem with both factory and reloads for the .357 Magnum until Thompson solved the issue. I have never been able to get really good accuracy using plain-based bullets in full-house .357 Magnum loads, but the Thompson gas-checked bullet works perfectly. I consider it the number one bullet for standard weight loads in the .357 Magnum.
Bill Jordan checks out the trigger pull on his “Peace Officer’s Dream Gun,” the
Smith & Wesson .357 Combat Magnum. Jordan was instrumental in its development.
In the beginning, the .357 Magnum was considered the ultimate big-game revolver.
Here, Col. Doug Wesson of S&W and the moose he took with his .357 Magnum in 1935.
The FBI Gun
Smith & Wesson advertised the .357 Magnum as the most powerful revolver ever made, far above any .44 or .45 available. It was not only promoted by Col. Wesson, but Smith & Wesson was also wise enough to present one of the first production 8-3/4″ .357 Magnums to the then head of the FBI, J. Edgar Hoover. That barrel length was, of course, too long for law enforcement use, however, 4″ and 3-1/2″ .357 Magnums soon became very popular with FBI agents.
Soon-to-be General George Patton purchased a 3-1/2″ .357 Magnum in Hawaii in 1935 and carried it in tandem with his Colt Single Action .45 during World War I. He called the Smith & Wesson .357 his “killing gun.” Even though both his Colt and Smith & Wesson wore ivory grips, contrary to popular belief, they were not finished the same. The Colt was engraved and nickel-plated, while the Smith & Wesson was plain high-polish blue. https://gunsmagazine.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=29220&action=edit#
Those early .357 Magnums may very well be the finest revolvers to ever come from the Smith & Wesson factory. From 1935 to 1939 approximately 5,200 “Registered Magnums” were manufactured. These guns were basically handfitted, beautifully polished and, in addition to a serial number, had a second number, a registration number, placed on the yoke cuts. Patton’s .357 Magnum carried registration No. 506. Registration No. 1 went to Hoover and No. 2 to Sharpe.
Barrel lengths in order of preference were 6-1/2″, 5″, 6″, 8-3/4″, 3-1/2″ and 4″. In 1939 Smith & Wesson dropped the registration procedure and barrel lengths were standardized at 3-1/2″, 5″, 6″, 6-1/2″ and 8-3/8″, not necessarily in order of preference. All of these guns had a beautiful high bright-blue finish (nickel was an extra option) with a fine-line checkering on the barrel rib, top strap and rear sight assembly. Both the backstrap and the frontstrap were serrated and the first grips/stocks were the small old-style found on all N-frames since late 1907. The .357 Magnum was the first Smith & Wesson to be fitted with Magna stocks, which were soon offered as an option. These filled in on both sides of the grip frame to the top of the backstrap.
Of course, production of the .357 Magnum and all other firearms stopped at the beginning of WWII as machinery was geared up for wartime production. After the war, it would be December of 1946 before another .357 Magnum would be produced, and only 142 were manufactured through 1949. One of these went to President Harry Truman. Obviously, .357 Magnums were hard to find.
Early advertising by Smith & Wesson about the .357 Magnum proclaimed it to be the most powerful
revolver ever offered. The first factory .357 loads were assembled with Hercules 2400 powder and
75 years later it is still a favorite propellant. Custom stocks are by Keith Brown.
Taffin is a firm believer in the philosophy of a “Pair and a Spare” as exhibited by these 5″ Model 27s.
The 5″ is one of the handiest barrel lengths. Custom stocks are by BearHug and BluMagnum.
Before 1957 Smith & Wessons were known simply as the “.357 Magnum” and these
two from the early 1950s are pre-27s. Custom stocks are by Keith Brown.
Debut Of The Short Action
In 1950 the long action of the .357 Magnum was changed to the current short action, which allowed a shorter distance for the hammer to travel. Skeeter Skelton often remarked how hard it was to find a .357 Magnum in the 1950s. When I started really getting interested in gunshops in 1956, I don’t recall ever seeing any. In fact, I saw the .44 Magnum first.
In 1956, the upper sideplate screw was deleted and the “5-screw” .357 Magnum became a “4-screw” with three screws in the sideplate and one in the front of the triggerguard. One year later, this magnificent revolver, which had been known only as the .357 Magnum since its inception, now became a number instead of a name: the Model 27. Four years later, the screw in the front of the triggerguard was eliminated and the Model 27 became a “3-screw” sixgun.
In 1994 the unbelievable happened, and the .357 Magnum, the Model 27, was dropped from production. However, it was not forgotten and just before the end of the 20th century a new Model 27 appeared. This Performance Center gun bears little resemblance to the original with an 8-shot cylinder and a heavy tapered underlugged barrel. It is a good sixgun, but simply not the same. Just recently, in their Classic Series, Smith & Wesson reintroduced the Model 27 in time for its Diamond Anniversary.
The .357 Magnum, as mentioned, was a beautifully finished revolver, so beautiful in fact, some were reluctant to carry it as a duty gun. In 1954, to answer this “problem,” Smith & Wesson brought out a special version of the .357 Magnum known as the Highway Patrolman. This was a basic no-frills .357. No high polish here as the finish was a matte blue, and also gone was the fine checkering on the top strap. Barrel length was 4″ or 6″ and Magna stocks were standard. The first new Smith & Wesson I ever purchased was a 4″ Highway Patrolman. In 1957 the Highway Patrolman became the Model 28.
Now we had a less fancy .357 Magnum for duty and outdoor use. What’s next? Bill Jordan began petitioning Smith & Wesson to produce a lighter weight .357 Magnum using the Military & Police .38 as the basic platform. In 1955 Smith & Wesson unveiled the .357 Combat Magnum. Using the K-frame .38, a full-length .357 Magnum cylinder was installed matched up with a 4″ bull barrel. The result was a revolver Bill Jordan called “The Peace Officers Dream.” Weighing a full 1/2-pound less than its older brother and with a smaller cylinder diameter, the Combat Magnum was much easier to carry all day.
In 1957 the Combat Magnum became the Model 19. Somehow, .357 Magnum, Highway Patrolman and Combat Magnum stir the sixgunning soul a whole lot more than 27, 28 and 19! In 1963 a 6″ version was introduced for the Model 19, followed by a 2-1/2″ in 1966. In 1970, the Model 19 was produced in stainless steel with the same barrel lengths, and was called the Model 66. In 1999, the Model 19 was dropped, and the Model 66 received the same fate in 2005. Long before they disappeared, they had basically been replaced by the stronger L-Frame, heavy under lugged–barreled Models 586 and 686.
Prior to World War II, Colt chambered their New Service, Shooting Master and Single Action Army in .357 Magnum. Production ceased in 1940. However, in 1954 Colt introduced their .357 Magnum followed by the Python, their Cadillac of revolvers, in 1955, and in 1956, the Colt Single Action Army returned in .357 Magnum.
Ruger’s first centerfire sixgun was the .357 Blackhawk in 1955. This was a true outdoorsman’s sixgun with adjustable sights, a heavy top strap and a Colt-sized grip frame. Since that time, both companies have introduced several other .357 Magnums, including the underrated Ruger GP100 and Colt King Cobra, and we have also seen .357s from manufacturers such as Freedom Arms, Dan Wesson and Taurus.
The .357 Magnum remains extremely popular and is probably the most powerful revolver most shooters can handle really well. We have a long list of revolvers chambered in the original Magnum available today. However, my heart still belongs to the old classics, and especially to the original .357 Magnum. With the Lyman/Thompson 158-grain gas-checked bullet over 14 to 15 grains of 2400 loaded in any of the above, life is quite pleasurable. Happy 75th anniversary to the Smith & Wesson .357 Magnum.
Smith & Wesson
2100 Roosevelt Avenue
Springfield, MA 01104
(800) 331-0852, www.smith-wesson.com
BluMagnum
2605 East Willamette Avenue
Colorado Springs, CO 80909
(719) 632-9417, www.blu-magnum.com
Herrett’s STOCKS
P.O. Box 741, Twin Falls, ID 83303
(208) 733-1498, www.herrettstocks.com
Keith Brown Grips
3586 Crab Orchard Avenue
Beavercreek, OH 45430
(937) 426-4147
www.kbgrips.com
