If you’re curious about how American cities ranked shortly before the post-WWII baby boom, we’ve done the research for you. Here we’ve compiled a list of the 25 biggest US cities in 1940 by population and compared them to their rankings and populations today. We’ve also included the 1940 rankings and populations of the cities that are currently on the top 25 list that weren’t on it back then.
And, if you’d like to compare this list to the 25 biggest US cities in 1950, just follow the link, because we’ve done that too. There weren’t any major shake-ups among the most populous cities in the country in that 10-year time period. Several cities went up or down one place, and a few jumped two or three slots. The only two cities that fell off the top 25 list in that decade were Rochester, NY and Louisville, KY.
So, without further ado, here were the 25 biggest US cities in 1940 by population as compared to today.
Most Populous Cities in America in 1940
1. New York City – 1940 population: 7,454,995 – Rank today: 1; population ~8.4 million
2. Chicago, IL – 1940 population: 3,396,808 – Rank today: 3; population ~2.7 million
3. Philadelphia, PA – 1940 population: 1,931,334 – Rank today: 6; population ~1.6 million
4. Detroit, MI – 1940 population: 1,623,452 – Rank today: 23; population ~670,000
5. Los Angeles, CA – 1940 population: 1,504,277 – Rank today: 2; population ~4 million
6. Cleveland, OH – 1940 population: 878,336 – Rank today: 52; population ~383,000
7. Baltimore, MD – 1940 population: 859,100 – Rank today: 30; population ~602,000
8. St. Louis, MO – 1940 population: 816,048 – Rank today: 64; population ~302,000
9. Boston, MA – 1940 population: 770,816 – Rank today: 21; population ~695,000
10. Pittsburgh, PA – 1940 population: 671,659 – Rank today: 66; population ~300,000
11. Washington, DC – 1940 population: 663,091 – Rank today: 20; population ~703,000
12. San Francisco, CA – 1940 population: 634,536 – Rank today: 15; population ~885,000
13. Milwaukee, WI – 1940 population: 587,472 – Rank today: 31; population ~592,000
14. Buffalo, NY – 1940 population: 575,901 – Rank today: 83; population ~256,000
15. New Orleans, LA – 1940 population: 494,537 – Rank today: 50; population ~392,000
16. Minneapolis, MN – 1940 population: 492,370 – Rank today: 46; population ~426,000
17. Cincinnati, OH – 1940 population: 455,610 – Rank today: 65; population ~303,000
18. Newark, NJ – 1940 population: 429,760 – Rank today: 73; population ~283,000
19. Kansas City, MO – 1940 population: 399,178 – Rank today: 38; population ~493,000
20. Indianapolis, IN – 1940 population: 386,972 – Rank today: 17; population ~868,000
21. Houston, TX – 1940 population: 384,514 – Rank today: 4; population ~2.4 million
22. Seattle, WA – 1940 population: 368,302 – Rank today: 18; population ~746,000
23. Rochester, NY – 1940 population: 324,975 – Rank today: 111; population ~206,000
24. Denver, CO – 1940 population: 322,412 – Rank today: 19; population ~718,000
25. Louisville, KY – 1940 population: 319,077 – Rank today: 29; population ~ 618,000
Top 25 US Cities Today that Didn’t Make the Cut in 1940
A number of US cities in the top 25 most populous today didn’t register on the list back in 1940. These include:
- Phoenix, AZ – Rank today: 5; population ~1.7 million – Rank in 1940: Phoenix didn’t even crack the top 100 in 1940; population: 65,414
- San Diego, CA – Rank today: 8; population ~1.5 million – Rank in 1940: 43; population: 203,341
- San Jose, CA – Rank today: 10; population: ~1.1 million – Rank in 1940: Google doesn’t even turn up population data for San Jose back to 1940.
- Austin, TX – Rank today: 11; population: ~966,000 – Rank in 1940: 101; population: 87,930
- Jacksonville, FL – Rank today: 12; population: ~905,000 – Rank in 1940: 47; population: 173,065
- Fort Worth, TX – Rank today: 13; population: ~896,000 – Rank in 1940: 46; population: 177,662
- Columbus, OH – Rank today: 14; population: ~894,000 – Rank in 1940: 26; population: 306,087
- Charlotte, NC – Rank today: 16; population: ~873,000 – Rank in 1940: 91; population: 100,899
- El Paso, TX – Rank today: 22; population: ~683,000 – Rank in 1940: 98; population: 96,810
- Nashville, TN – Rank today: 24; population: ~670,000 – Rank in 1940: 50; population: 167,402
- Portland, OR – Rank today: 25; population: ~655,000 – Rank in 1940: 27; population: 305,394
Trick or Treat!

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Originally introduced in 1936, the Winchester Model 70 is an icon of the American rifle market. The two most notable features of the original Model 70 were it’s three position safety and non-rotating controlled round feed extractor.
In 1964, Winchester redesigned the rifle and changed it from controlled to push feed. These newer Model 70s, known as “post-64” rifles, were produced until 2006. Frowned upon by the pre-64 Model 70 fans for its less refined construction and lack of controlled round feed, the post-64 Model 70s can serve the rifleman well.
My friend brought over his post-64 Model 70 243 Winchester rifle. The gun spent most of its life serving an across-the-course high power rifle shooter. The mix of the overbore 243 Winchester cartridge, years of competitive use, and high round count resulted in a shot out barrel.
He didn’t have a new barrel blank, however, he did have an old factory take-off Remington 308 Varmint barrel to install. Taking a quick look at the barrel and action, it looked like the project would work, so we decided to give it a shot. REMchester anyone?
The contents of Rifleshooter.com are produced for informational purposes only and should be performed by competent gunsmiths only. Rifleshooter.com and its authors, do not assume any responsibility, directly or indirectly for the safety of the readers attempting to follow any instructions or perform any of the tasks shown, or the use or misuse of any information contained herein, on this website.
Any modifications made to a firearm should be made by a licensed gunsmith. Failure to do so may void warranties and result in an unsafe firearm and may cause injury or death.
Modifications to a firearm may result in personal injury or death, cause the firearm to not function properly, or malfunction, and cause the firearm to become unsafe.
For use in this project, the following items were ordered from Brownells:
- Rosin
- Brownells action wrench
- Brownells barrel vise
- Kroil
- Depth micrometer
- 3/8″ 35-degree profile tool
- 1/2″ High-speed steel threading tool
- Manson 308 Winchester reamer
- Manson GO and NOGO gauge
- Thread pitch gauge
- Feeler gauges
- .308 Match rifle headspace gauge set
All lathe work is conducted on a Grizzly gunsmith’s lathe.

Before we can install a new barrel the old one needs to be removed. On this rifle, the threads were soaked in Kroil (a penetrating oil that is an essential item for gunsmithing) for a couple of days to make removal easier. The outside of the barrel is coated in rosin to prevent it from rotating in the barrel vise.

The Brownells barrel vise we’ll be using to remove the barrel from this action holds barrels with interchangeable aluminum bushings to match different barrel shank diameters.

The barrel is secured in the vise and an action wrench is used to unscrew the action. It is important to make sure the action wrench fits well against the action.
In this case I am using the Brownells action wrench with the universal jaw. It grabs the flat bottom of the front of the Winchester action.

Note the tight fit of the bushing against the barrel.

The factory barrel tenon is measured to determine it’s length and headspace.

A quick check with the thread pitch gauge confirms the threads are 16 teeth per inch.

The action is also measured with a depth micrometer to check the barrel tenon dimensions. This serves as a check against the dimensions recorded from the factory barrel tenon.

The factory Remington barrel tenon (left) compared to the factory Winchester tenon (right). The Remington tenon is longer, has 1 1/16″-16 threads and a .150″ deep bolt nose recess on its face. The shorter Winchester tenon has 1″-16 threads and no counterbore.

Barrel tenon’s dimensions in hand, we can start fitting the barrel.
The first step is to remove the old tenon. I like to use a cold saw. A cold saw is basically a miter box for steel, the one I have uses a special carbide blade. It makes short work of barrels, gives a fairly smooth finish, and does not induce heat into the part.

The barrel is mounted in the lathe. Since we only removed the threads from the barrel, the front part of the chamber is still in the barrel. A dial indicator is used to dial the barrel in on the lathe.

A facing cut is made across the breech end of the barrel with the high-speed steel 135-degree profile tool.

The tenon is cut to length and diameter. This cut was made with a 135-degree high-speed steel profile tool.

The tenon is coated in Dykem and the end chamfered.

Since I’m threading against the shoulder, I decided to use a lay down carbide threader (left), instead of the high-speed steel insert threader I normally use (right). Comparing the shapes, the carbide tool can cut closer to the shoulder.

While I normally prefer using the high-speed steel cutter, the carbide does work well.

A test fit shows the action can screw snugly against the barrel tenon.

The chamber is now cut with a Manson live pilot reamer. The reamer is fed with a MT3 blank held in the tailstock. This pusher set up allows the reamer to float in the bore and follow what remains of the factory chamber.

The headspace is initially checked with the go gauge and a depth micrometer.

As the headspace gets closer to the final dimensions, it can be measured with feeler gauges measuring the space between the bolt and action screwed onto the barrel with the go gauge in place.

A view of the tenon after the chamber has been cut to depth.

The bolt handle should close easily on go gauge, and stay open on the nogo gauge (above).

The last step is to cut a small radius on the end of the chamber to aid in feeding.

The barrel can now be installed on the action. For this task the barrel is secured in a barrel vise and the action wrench is used to torque the action on.

One last headspace check. For final inspection I use a .001″ match headspace gauge set. In this case, the bolt closes easily on the 1.630″ gauge (SAAMI minimum) and stays open on the 1.631″ gauge (.001″ over SAAMI minimum)- the rifle is chambered to minimum headspace.


The assembled rifle looks good pretty good. One day we will do something about the green paint on the barrel.

The real question is how does it shoot? When he headed to the range with the REMchester, the first few groups weren’t too shabby!165 grain Sierra GameKing over Varget, looks like a keeper!

A 200 yard ladder test with the 165 grain Sierra GameKing and H4895 showed promise as well (below).

The project came along better than we had expected. What a great way to give new life to a worn out rifle and keep a used barrel from ending up in the scrap bin.
Wisdom!


Maria Susan Flores Gamez was born in 1992 and raised in Guamuchil, Mexico. An attractive, doe-eyed lass, Maria won the 2012 Woman of Sinaloa beauty pageant. At that time Flores Gamez was also taking media classes at her local university. By 2009 she had been modeling professionally and participating in beauty pageants for three years.

In June of 2012 Maria competed in the Our Beauty Sinaloa pageant but did not place. The Our Beauty Sinaloa winner goes on to compete in the Miss Mexico pageant. From there, Miss Mexico represents the country at the Miss Universe competition.

While all that is obviously terribly important to the participants, such stuff has never done much for me. It always struck me as a bit exploitative. I like pretty girls more than most, but in the Information Age it surprises me that the woke warriors of the world will tolerate women prancing about mostly naked being overtly judged on the strength of their fleshly attributes. In the case of Maria Susan Flores Gamez, however, vapid beauty pageants were the least of her worries. Along the way Maria met some seriously sketchy guys.

The Sinaloa state in northern Mexico is home to one of the world’s most powerful drug cartels. Also known as the Guzman-Loera Organization, the Pacific Cartel, the Federation, or the Blood Alliance, the Sinaloa Cartel was founded in 1987 and maintains a presence in 22 of the 31 Mexican states. The mass of illegal drugs smuggled into the United States by the Sinaloa Cartel is measured in tons. This means money, lots and lots of money.
The Scope

It’s really tough for normal folks to appreciate how massive this illicit enterprise actually is. To paraphrase JK Simmons in the superb action flick The Accountant, these guys count their money using truck scales. The Sinaloa Cartel is responsible for roughly a quarter of the drugs that are smuggled into the United States from Mexico. Conservatively estimated, their annual income hovers around $3 billion.

The Sinaloa Cartel was helmed for years by the infamous Joaquin “El Chapo” Guzman. He was, for a time, on the Forbes list of billionaires. These drug lords are some of the most powerful men on earth. There is literally nothing they cannot buy. However, the one thing they all genuinely fear is the American supermax prison.

After several arrests and high-profile escapes from Mexican custody, El Chapo was extradited to the United States. In November of 2019 his trial began on charges ranging from weapons possession to homicide. In July of 2019 he was convicted of all 17 counts lodged against him. El Chapo was sentenced to life in prison plus another 30 years. He was also ordered to forfeit some $12.6 billion. As of this writing, El Chapo is tucked away in ADX Florence, the most secure supermax facility in the country. So long as his cellmate doesn’t beat him to death first, El Chapo will undoubtedly breathe his last while incarcerated there.

Command of the Sinaloa Cartel has passed through several individuals, but it yet remains a major player in the Mexican drug trade. While drugs, guns, and opulence are part and parcel of this incredibly dangerous profession, another common thread is beautiful women. Guzman had at least four wives and at least eleven children. It was her innate beauty that earned Maria Susan Flores Gamez a position with the Sinaloan gangsters.
The Background


Certain parts of northern Mexico are legitimate battlefields. Drug gangs with essentially unlimited funding field armies of paid sicarios armed with the finest military hardware money can buy. That means belt-fed machineguns, antitank weapons, .50-caliber sniper rigs, and assault rifles and submachine guns aplenty.

35,000 Mexicans were murdered in 2019. Between 2000 and 2013, 215,000 people were killed there. That puts the annual murder rate at around 25 per 100,000 people. That means that one in every 4,000 Mexicans is murdered every annum. To put that in perspective, we lost 58,000 American troops in ten years of active combat in Vietnam.

Mexico actually has some profoundly restrictive gun control laws. I’m told there is only one commercial gun shop in the country, and that is run by the government. Legally obtaining the means to defend oneself in modern-day Mexico is essentially unobtainable for the typical Mexican. How then might we explain the fact that guns are so prevalent and human life so cheap in a place with such restrictive gun control legislation? It seems that Mexican criminals choose not to obey the law. That alongside the fact that the sun reliably comes up in the east battle for the title of Most Obvious Thing in the Universe.
The Hit

On this fateful day, Maria was a passenger in one of six vehicles making up a convoy of Sinaloa Cartel operators. Mexican Army soldiers got wind of the convoy and moved in. There resulted an hours-long running gun battle.

Mexican troops eventually isolated the cartel shooters outside a safe house in Mocorito. Maria emerged from the SUV wielding an AK rifle and followed by drug cartel shooters. After a vigorous exchange of fire, the soldiers ultimately prevailed. Lamentably, that is not always the case. In the aftermath of the firefight Maria’s bullet-riddled body was found outside one of the vehicles alongside her Kalashnikov.
The Guns

We have reviewed the Kalashnikov rifle in this venue before. This time I thought we might focus on the unique milieu of weapons in the hands of Mexican drug cartels. These guns come from a variety of sources.

Much hay has obviously been made over guns procured on the US civilian market and smuggled south into Mexico for use by the cartels. This is not an unreasonable concern. We Americans currently possess some 440 million firearms. That’s twenty times as many guns as there are soldiers in all the world’s combined armies. Were I looking to equip a private army, here’s where I’d start. However, to fixate on American guns smuggled south is to lose all-important context.

Mexican drug cartels have as much money as some small nation states. They have a literal global reach in sourcing illicit narcotics for sale in the US. They have access to any weapons in the world. Many parts of the planet are awash in military hardware provided by the superpowers during decades of open proxy warfare. It would be tough to get excited about a no-frills Anderson Arms semiautomatic AR15 when El Salvador, Panama, Nicaragua, or a dozen different African nations stand by to supply as much legit military-grade ordnance as you can move.

While weapons sourced in the US are obviously semiautomatic, that really doesn’t make any difference. Anybody with a rudimentary milling machine or, in some cases, a 3D printer can convert most common semiautomatic weapons to full auto. Regardless, the addition of a happy switch to your typical AR or AK rifle is little more than a liability. Real soldiers use fully automatic fire from handheld small arms rarely if ever. The calculus changes with belt-fed support guns, but long bursts of full auto fire launched from assault rifles are found most commonly in the hands of movie stars and amateurs.

No discussion of this sort would be complete without mention of the Obama-era Operation Fast and Furious. Orchestrated out of the Tucson and Phoenix BATF offices and running from 2006 through 2011, Fast and Furious encouraged licensed American gun dealers to sell weapons to straw buyers with the full understanding that these guns would end up in the hands of Mexican drug cartels. Fast and Furious guns were ultimately recovered from dozens of crime scenes. One Fast and Furious AK was used to murder US Border Patrol Agent Brian Terry in 2010. Mexican officials tied Fast and Furious weapons to at least 150 deaths. Of the 2,000 or so weapons the Obama administration fed to the cartels, only 710 had been recovered by 2012.

Fast and Furious was obviously intended to provide media fodder to establish a connection between the American civilian gun industry and Mexican drug cartels. Equipped with such inflammatory information Democrats undoubtedly hoped to be able to push through fresh new gun control initiatives. Amidst a pantheon of breathtakingly stupid things the US government has done through the years, Fast and Furious is arguably the stupidest.
The Rest of the Story

Maria Gamez was not the first Mexican beauty queen to get caught up in cartel violence. However, she was the first to which I could find reference who was killed in action. Powerful criminals always seem to surround themselves with pretty girls. It has become a trope in movies.


The former Miss Sinaloa Laura Zuniga lost her 2008 crown from the Hispanoamerican Queen pageant after being arrested for drug and weapons violations. Zuniga was later released without being charged. Another model and prominent pageant participant was arrested in 2011 alongside a known drug runner and murder suspect, but she also was released.

The allure of easy money and easier power reliably brings out the worst in people. Javier Valdez, the author of Miss Narco, a book about the ties between beauty pageants and the Mexican drug cartels, said, “For a lot of these young women, it is easy to get involved with organized crime, in a country that doesn’t offer many opportunities for young people. They are disposable objects, the lowest link in the chain of criminal organizations, the young men recruited as gunmen and the pretty young women who are tossed away in two or three years, or are turned into police or killed.”

