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Private Pavel Ivanovich Andreyev was terrified. In his 18 short years on this planet, he had never imagined things could be so bad. He sat perched atop a growling T34 as it rumbled forward in the plains near the Soviet city of Kursk.

It was August of 1943. The sky was blue, and the sun beat down like a furnace. Littering the countryside around him were the hulks of hundreds of derelict armored vehicles.

The stench of rotten death penetrated the foul diesel exhaust bellowing from the T34. The ghastly smell seemed to soak into his flesh. Pavel wanted desperately to go home.

Private Andreyev held his PPSh submachine gun in a death rictus. Andreyev and his comrades called the simple little bullet hose the “Papasha” or “Daddy.” Simplistic to the point of crudity, the PPSh nonetheless offered a simply breathtaking volume of close-range fire. Some Soviet formations sported entire companies armed solely with these fast-firing monsters.

The PPSh could be fed via either 71-round drums or 35-round stick magazines. Andreyev’s gun carried a drum. He had another drum magazine hanging from his belt in a canvas pouch. He felt the massive T34 slow down slightly before the very sky itself split asunder.

It was a German antitank gun, likely a feared Flak 88, and it pitched the Russian tank like some kind of toad. The shock threw Private Andreyev and the rest of his rifle squad viciously to the ground. Andreyev regained his wits moments later and rolled over. Andreyev realized he had to move or he was going to die.

The Soviet tank was now brewing up, its ammunition cooking off like the sulfuric effluvium of hell itself. In desperation Private Andreyev rolled into a nearby trench.

Miraculously, his Papasha was still slung around his neck. The young Russian fell heavily to the soft earth and willed himself not to panic. As he stood unsteadily to his feet four German Landsers came tearing around the corner on top of him. All five young soldiers were comparably surprised.

The Germans carried bolt-action Kar98k rifles, and they all four raised them up as one spontaneously orienting in Andreyev’s direction. For his part, Private Andreyev did not think. He simply angled his Papasha from the hip and torqued down on the trigger. The PPSh spewed death within the tight confines of the trench at fifteen rounds per second. All four Germans went down.

Five seconds later Andreyev’s subgun fell silent, steam and smoke rising from its hot barrel. Without conscious thought Private Andreyev removed the empty drum and had a fresh one in place. He carefully stowed the expended drum in his ammo pouch for reloading. Andreyev got his wits about him, jacked the bolt on his SMG to the rear, and headed down the trench in search of trouble.

Tactical Details

The short-range, high-volume capabilities of the PPSh changed the way the Soviets prosecuted infantry engagements. Where previously rifle marksmanship was assumed to be the lynchpin to successful infantry actions, now the typical Soviet grunt thusly equipped was simply a bullet hose. One angry PPSh was impressive. One hundred at once was an irresistible force.

PPSh stood for “Pistolet-Pulemyot Shpagina” or literally “Shpagin’s Machine Pistol” after its designer Georgy Shpagin. An evolutionary development of the previous Soviet PPD, the PPSh was intended from the outset to be optimized for mass production. The PPSh first saw action in 1941.

The Papasha was comprised predominantly of relatively crude steel stampings. The receiver and perforated barrel jacket were pressed out as a single component. The flip-adjustable sights were basic and unadorned, while the sundry details were rough and rugged. The muzzle end of the gun terminated in a brilliant pressed steel muzzle brake that tended to help minimize muzzle rise. The barrel jacket featured a series of cooling slots.

The magazine release was a pivoting thumb lever located on the midline. When not in use this appendage could be folded up and stowed against the bottom of the weapon. There was a sliding switch located inside the triggerguard that toggled between semi- and full-auto fire. The gun’s sole safety was a sliding component of the charging handle that could be snapped in toward the receiver to lock the bolt in either the open or closed positions.

The bolt was chrome plated as was the bore, and there was a synthetic buffer in the back of the gun that looked like a screwdriver handle. Two PPSh barrels could be formed from a single Mosin-Nagant tube by cutting the rifle barrel in half and chambering both ends. The buttstock was simple and unadorned. Two drums were hand-fitted to each gun at the factory. The use of other drums ran the risk of a loose fit or poor reliability.

There were 87 parts comprising a PPSh, and the gun required 5.6 hours’ worth of machine time to produce. By comparison, the previous PPD consumed 13.7 hours. Only a few hundred weapons were in service by November of 1941. Another 155,000 rolled off the lines in the next five months. In 1942 Soviet industry had produced 1.5 million Papashas. By the end of the gun’s vigorous production run some six million copies had been built.

Practical Tactical

A great many experienced soldiers swore by the PPSh for its exceptional reliability and breathtaking close-range firepower. I myself do not care much for the gun. That might have something to do with the fact that the first burst I ever fired through a PPSh dropped a pair of hot empty cases down the back of my collar. The PPSh ejects straight up and with some vigor. When moving tactically that’s not a big deal. When stationary on the range, however, it’s like sitting under a shower of hot brass.

There’s not really a good place to put your support hand when running a drum-equipped PPSh. The weak hand can cup the stock behind the drum or just grab onto the side of the drum itself, but these are suboptimal solutions. Holding the barrel shroud risks burning your hands, and the angles are all wrong trying to reach around that fat drum. The curved 35-round stick magazine provides a much more comfortable purchase.

The 1,000-rpm rate of fire is a bit spunky for my tastes as well. The gun’s fully-loaded 12-pound weight when rocking a drum and its superlative design render it exceptionally controllable, but it still burns through ammo at a prodigious rate. A good gun will run in the face of the most egregious abuse with minimal maintenance.

Sincerest Form of Flattery

It became obvious in action that the PPSh was a game-changer on the battlefield. The zippy little 7.62x25mm round it fired offered ample penetration and minimal recoil, while the 71-round drum produced unprecedented firepower. This meant that German Landsers frequently used captured PPSh submachine guns in action against the Russians.

The Wehrmacht even undertook a program to convert captured PPSh’s to fire 9mm Parabellum. Conversion kits included a drop-in 9mm barrel and a magwell adaptor that allowed the Russian guns to feed from German MP40 magazines. These converted guns were designated the MP41(r) in German service. The same guns in their stock configuration were referred to as the MP717(r) and were fed dimensionally similar German 7.63x25mm ammunition.

The Russians also experimented with the PPSh as an airborne weapon. Multiple PPSh SMGs were fitted to fuselage racks affixed to the Tupolev-2 bomber. In this configuration, these ground attack planes produced a simply breathtaking volume of very short-range automatic fire. However, as the guns fired pistol cartridges the rounds lost energy quickly.

The PPSh was eventually supplanted by the yet simpler PPS-43. However, the communists shipped their surplus PPSh guns to puppet states and terrorist groups all around the globe. The PPSh saw widespread use during the Korean War in the hands of both North Korean and Chinese soldiers. The PPSh is still encountered in some of your less well-funded war zones even today.

The PPSh will never win any beauty pageants. However, when introduced it was effective, reliable, and available in quantity. These factors alone made the PPSh a legitimately war-winning weapon. In the sweaty hands of young conscript soldiers like Pavel Ivanovich Andreyev the PPSh helped beat back the fascist hordes. From the barren approaches to Moscow to the ghastly hell that was Stalingrad to the verdant fields surrounding Kursk, the PPSh could be found grappling with the Nazi juggernaut.

Special thanks to worldwarsupply.com for the reproduction gear used in our photographs.

 

HONOLULU (HawaiiNewsNow) – Honolulu’s police chief has signed the city’s first license to carry a concealed firearm on Oahu.

The Honolulu Police Department announced the significant development Wednesday.

Rules for concealed carry permits were changed following a Supreme Court ruling that broadened gun rights.

HPD said there are 56 applications (for 40 applicants) pending review.

The process includes a proficiency requirement as well as criminal and mental background checks.

Logan has said that anyone who gets a permit must actually conceal the gun. and not have it openly visible.

Meanwhile, the mayor has proposed a rule to ban concealed firearms in schools, city buildings, public parks and city buses.

Sometimes I like to do dumb things with firearms.  Dumb as in silly, not unsafe. I like to use them in the ways they were never intended to be used.  For example, see my story on using a Hi Point Yeet Canon XL to make Grand Master.

Such is the case with my M1 Garand.  The barreled action and other parts had been sitting in a box without a stock for well over a decade.  At some point I lost the original stock.  But one day while bored In the spring of 2021 I decided it was time to bring the Garand back to life.

The Dupage trading company makes very nice replica stocks for your Garand.  They make a few versions including some very nice laminate stocks, but I went for the standard black walnut.  I also opted to have all the metal parts pre-installed.  The stocks are mostly drop-in and mine only required some minor filing to fit my M1.  It’s a great value at only $180.

I wanted to make my M1 a little more modern as well.  Hopco USA makes an excellent red dot mount that fits the Garand and the M1A.  But before the Fudds start clutching their pearls and fainting over someone bubbafying a rare Garand let me explain.  My Garand is nothing special; it’s a run-of-the-mill Springfield made in March of 1943.  As far as I can tell it is just like millions of others and has no unique or historical significance.

Additionally, the Hopco RDS mount requires no permanent alterations to your rifle; that’s why I think this product is so cool.  In short, you remove the windage screw from your rifle then take out the rear sight and spring.  The Hopco mount block fits into the rear sight housing and is secured by re-installing the windage screw and drum.  Then two set screws in the block are tightened down to raise the RDS block up.  The windage screw locks it all in place.  Because of the manufacturing tolerance variance of old battle rifles Hopco includes a few thin shims to take up any dead space under the mount block if needed.  The entire process is easily reversed and you can return your M1 to its original condition in a matter of minutes.

Now all you have to do is screw an optic to the Hopco block and zero it.  The Hopco mount comes in three flavors that accommodate most red dot sights on the market today.  Version 1 fits the Burris Fastfire, Vortex Venom and Viper, Doctor, Insight and Primary Arms Micro.  Version 2 fits the Leupold Deltapoint, JP Jpoint, Vortex Razor, Tasco Optima 2000 and C More STS.  Version 3 fits the Trijicon RMR and Holosun 407 and 507 variants.  It will not work with the 407K or 507K.

I went with version 3 and a Holosun 507C and later changed it to a 407CO.  Mine fit without issue but in talking with Hopco they have had some customers experience issues with the width of the 407/507.  It can be fixed with a few strokes of a file though.

.30-06 ammunition of the 1930s was different than today’s .30-06 and Garand users must be careful when shooting modern ammo.  The CMP recommends ammo with no more than 50,000 CUP pressure and bullets less than 172gr.  Good reloading manuals have a separate section for .30-06 and M1 Garand .30-06 loads.  First, you are putting a 70-year-old chamber trying to contain very high pressure right next to your face.  Second, ammo that is too hot can send your op rod back fast enough to bend it and they are not cheap to replace.  For more info about this there are hundreds of articles with more technical info all over the internet.

To combat the op rod problem I replaced the standard gas plug with an adjustable unit from Schuster.  It allows you to tune the amount of gas sent to the op rod, much like an adjustable gas block on an AR-15.  The speed of the rod also can affect barrel harmonics which affects the accuracy of your rifle.  So you can use small changes to the amount of gas to help tighten your groups. Learn more about the gas plugin this article from Jordan Michaels. Schuster Adjustable Gas Plug Review

I had a box of used but prepped .30-06 primed brass and it was time to use it.  I found a beat-up set of Lee steel dies on eBay.  This would be a low volume caliber for me so I was not worried about high-end carbide dies.  The .308 conversion kit for my Dillon 550C reloading press could also be used for .30-06 so I was good to go on tools.  I found some Hornady 150gr FMJ boat tail bullets from one of the big resellers.  Checking my various loading manuals I found some good loads for IMR 4895 which I already had.

I started towards the lower end of the spectrum from the manual and tested them in the rifle.  I settled on 43.5gr of IMR 4895 with the Horandy 150s at 3.190 OAL and crimped the case into the bullet’s cannelure. 10 shots past the chrono gave me an average of 2532 fps.  A little tuning on the gas plug and I was soon turning out 3.5 inches 5 shot groups at 100 yards.  Tuning the gas plug also allowed me to minimize recoil, so even though I was shooting a big ass .30-06, the recoil was fairly mild.

The rifle was back in service and I had plenty of ammo, so what now?  Do something dumb!

Cowtown Range’s Multigun match was about a week away and I was planning to use the Garand.  But I was missing something – a bayonet!  There are a variety of bayonets for the Garand over its multi-decade service life, but I went with the first one.  A 16 inch monster originally made for the 1903 Springfield.  These are rather rare and expensive.  Instead, I went with a replica made of the finest Chinesium for $35 because I planned to abuse it.

On match day I left the Garand in my bag until the last possible moment before I was to shoot.  My friends figured I was going to be shooting my regular AR competition rifle, the U3GR, but they were in for a surprise.  Out came 11 pounds of antique steel and walnut, made on manual mills and tools by old school craftsmen 73 years ago.  With Bayonet attached its 59 inches long, just an inch under 5 feet.  I remember playing with GI Joes as a kid and thinking no way are some of these rifles almost as tall as the soldier in real life.  Well, with a Garand they are!

As I walked to the start of the stage, I got a lot of laughs and a lot of confused stares from my squad and all wondered why I basically had a machete hanging off my rifle.  Well, the Garand is fed by 8 round en bloc clips from an internal magazine.  To neutralize a paper target you need one hit in the A zone or two hits anywhere on the target.  My first stage had 14 paper targets; that is 4 reloads if you shoot each paper twice with a Garand.  But I had a plan.  The stage started with 13 falling steel targets that I shot with a PCC.  I dumped the PCC, grabbed the massive Garand and went to work.  I put 3 rounds into the first paper target (it was just out of reach) but the next three were close, I stabbed them!  The rest of the paper I shot, it was still a disaster time-wise but damn that was fun.

My third stage of the match started with 16 falling steel with the PCC and 8 paper with the rifle.  I was able to neutralize each paper with a single center hit, but I had so much fun stabbing on the earlier stage I did it again after shooting the last target.

“Stage 3, complete with stabbing!“

I took the bayonet off for the long-range stage because it shifted my point of impact about 8 inches at 100 yards.  The stage featured steel targets at 100, 200, 450 and 540 yards.  I had to hit each one once, anywhere on the target.  Since I had a replica stock I had no qualms about drilling it for a sling stud so I could attach a Harris bipod for stability.  I went 3 for 3 on the first targets but needed 3 shots to hit the 540-yard IPSC.  With just a red dot a 500+ yard target is hard, so I was still very happy to get a third shot hit.

“Stage 4 of the Cowtown match with long-range targets. I finished this stage 15th Overall.”

I finished the match 30^th out of 62 (quite a bit below where I normally finish) but it was still lots of fun.  Happily, I was 15^th overall on the long-range stage.  I was also amazed at how well the 73-year-old battle rifle did on the long-range stage which led to my next bad decision.

The Rio Salado club hosted its Black Rifle match on July 4^th.  This is a medium-range match with targets from 5 to 400 yards designed for AR15’s, aka the Black Rifle.  I brought a Brown Rifle.  It seemed like a great idea to shoot America’s greatest battle rifle in an action match on America’s birthday.  How wrong I was.

I quickly realized it was a mistake to bring the Garand to a match with 5 stages and multiple targets out to 400 yards on every stage.  I had not struggled this much with a rifle since maybe my first 3 Gun match 25 years ago.  Almost every stage had some type of challenging position to shoot from, kneeling at a barricade, out of a helicopter window, on top of a giant spool, or on top of a 55-gallon plastic drum on its side.  There was only one position that we shot prone in the entire match.

It felt like I was constantly hearing the Garand Ping and having to reload.  There were 47 hits required (if you only shot one round on the paper) but I went through almost 200 rounds of .30-06; it was an expensive day.  Even worse, none of the targets were close enough to stab!

“When you bring a Brown Rifle to the Black Rifle match you are going to reload a lot!”

Even though I struggled and took a ton of makeup shots I still had a great time.  I like to win and shoot well, but that isn’t always the end game.  Don’t discount how much fun you can have at a match with an uncompetitive gun that you really enjoy shooting.

I won’t bring the Brown Rifle back to a Black Rifle match but I will definitely bring it back to a Multi-Gun match in the future.  No, I did not get Garand Thumb at either match.

Get an RDS mount for your M1A or M1 Garand from Hopco USA

Get your new M1 Garand stocks and other parts from Dupage Trading Company

Get a Schuster adjustable gas plug from Schuster Mfg.

Get M1 Garand mag pouches from Pro 2 Customs

Oh, boy, was the Cold War a wild time! Man, the early development of Special Operations forces led to some truly weird developments. SEALs and Spetznaz troopers, in particular, proved that a small team of seaborne commandos could be hell on Naval infrastructure. As such, these seaborne commandos would need specialized weaponry to fight like legitimate frogmen. This led to the development of the underwater firearm concept.

Underwater firearm? Are you serious?

As a heart attack. In the 1970s, there was a vision of teams of frogmen fighting each other underwater as if a Mack Bolan novel came to life. If it were to come true, normal firearms wouldn’t do the trick in frogmen firefights. So, militaries had to develop an underwater firearm, or at least come up with some underwater knife fighting techniques.

So they developed a few different variants of the underwater firearm idea, and I’ve gathered them here today. Plenty of ideas might have been patented, but I only include the underwater firearms that were developed and actually produced. Here are the five we know about. Who knows what others state governments have kept as a secret.

Related: The strangest Spec-Ops firearms in SOCOM’s armory

Mk1 Underwater Defense Gun

The development of the first underwater firearm comes from the United States in the form of the Mk1 Underwater Defense Gun. The Mk1 entered service in 1970, and the Naval Special Warfare center desired to keep it as secret as possible. It became a sign-out-only weapon that required troops to do paperwork to take the weapon out of the armory.

The Mk1 utilized a pepperbox style design, and this means you have individual barrels that rotate and fire. The double-action trigger rotated the cylinder and fired the weapon. As an underwater firearm, the weapon couldn’t use standard ammunition. In place of your normal projectile, they used metal darts.

These 4.25-inch tungsten metal darts had four fins to ensure rotation and looked like a miniature arrow. The effective range of the weapon was only 10 meters, and the darts moved at about 730 feet per second.

Related: Before the Navy SEALs came the Underwater Demolition Teams

HK P11

The Mk1’s replacement came in 1976, and the German firm Heckler and Koch created it. The P11 offered NATO shooters from a variety of nations their first underwater firearm, despite being old hat for the United States by then. The P11 used a five-shot pepperbox design, and each barrel held a 7.62x36mm dart.

Each barrel is completely sealed, and when fired, the seal is broken. All five barrels form a cluster, and clusters can be reloaded by the factory or discarded entirely in combat. The 7.62x36mm darts featured a 15-meter effective range, which outperformed the older Mk1 by a full third.

The P11 used an electric firing system with a battery located in the pistol grip of the gun. It’s a truly fascinating weapon that might still be in service with NATO frogmen today.

Related: How the Navy SEALs’ forefathers came of age in Korea

SPP-1

The SPP-1 came out of Russia and represented The Russian entry into the world of underwater firearms. This four-shot, pepperbox-style pistol fired a .18mm dart that was roughly 4.5 inches long. This big double action only pistol started its service in 1975 and apparently remains in service to this day.

The SPP-1 shows some Russian ingenuity, as the weapon is much less bulky than western variants of the underwater firearm. The SPP-1 launched darts at about 790 feet per second and had an effective range of 17 meters or so. The Russian pistol seems to outperform the Western models, but it’s tough to say since the ballistic measurements are tough to calculate underwater, and Moscow’s reputation for offering up legitimate performance data on their weapons isn’t particularly good.

Does the larger dart size of the Western P11 outperform the smaller dart of the SPP-1? Tough to say without some serious testing underwater.

Related: 3 more things movies always get wrong about a fight

APS Amphibious Rifle

The Russians didn’t stop with the SPP-1. They also wanted an underwater rifle, and the man who designed the SPP-1 would go on to design the APS Amphibious rifle as well. The APS offered a rifle-sized platform, but it’s technically not a rifle, since the barrel isn’t rifled. I guess the term long gun probably describes it best.

Regardless of nomenclature, the APS Amphibious rifle offered an effective range of 30 meters. That’s a fair bit more than the pistols offered by on either side of the Iron Curtain. Plus, the weapon used a specialized magazine that allowed the APS to hold 26 rounds of the special underwater projectiles.

The weapon fired a 5.66mm steel dart and could fire in fully automatic. The downside to a rifle like this, however, comes from its size. Its bigger, heavier design makes it harder to maneuver underwater, especially with its large and awkward magazine.

Related: Quiet Special Purpose Revolver: The tunnel rat’s lost sidearm

ADS Amphibious Rifle

The ADS Amphibious rifle is the evolution of the APS. Unlike the APS, the ADS actaully is a rifle, as it utilizes a rifled bore. The ADS came to be because the APS worked well underwater, but sucked above the surface. The options were to carry two guns (and that must’ve been a pain when dealing when swimming, dealing with all your scuba gear, and fighting) or to create a new platform that could function in either medium.

The ADS promised to do both very simply, with users having to simply swap magazines as they went from above the surface to below or vice versa. Below water, the ADS used a 5.45x39mm PSP round. Above water, the weapon uses standard 5.45x39mm ammunition. The range underwater was roughly 25 meters and the weapon offered select-fire operation.

The ADS Amphibious rifle uses a bullpup design. This mitigates length and size and makes the weapon easier to use underwater, and those benefits translate well above water as well. The ADS came to be in 2013 and shows that the Russians remained very concerned with frogmen firefights right into the 21st century.

Related: Is the service rifle of the future a bullpup?

The threat of the Underwater Firearm

The underwater firearm doesn’t necessarily kill by penetrating deeply into a guy’s chest. Sure it can, but it seems like the real advantage in frogmen firefights would be targeting gear. Ripping apart masks, breathing tubes and harnesses, protective wetsuits, helmets, and targeting the thin, often plastic windows of mini-subs are all ways these weapons could render swimmers combat ineffective with quickness and ease.

Has one of these frogmen firefights ever actually happened? If so, it’s not documented or discussed freely. However, the idea fascinates me. An underwater firearm seems a little silly these days, but they’ve clearly stuck around for quite some time, and that means the nations that operate these platforms must see a good reason.