Category: Useful Shit
Since the horrible summer of 2020, crime has risen precipitously in cities throughout the United States. This alone should be sufficient to convince decent American citizens to train in self-protection. Those interested in doing so should be cautious, however, lest they fall victim to, as Richard Feynman referred to it, “the ignorance of experts.”
It doesn’t take much of a critical eye to discern that the overwhelming majority of the martial arts instructors on YouTube convey, at best, mixed messaging. At worst, they are demoralizing.
In any event, they set their students up for failure.
A particularly instructive illustration of this phenomenon is a recent exchange between two skilled martial artists, former Navy Seal Jocko Willink and Tim Kennedy, an Army Ranger. Kennedy was a guest on Willink’s podcast. A viewer asked the two special operators how a “non-fighter” should train for self-defense.
The host turned the query over to his guest. “Anything is better than nothing,” Kennedy insisted. Even “CrossFit training,” given its self-defense component, is a viable option. While there is no right or wrong course of action to take when it comes to training in self-defense, there are “degrees of better.”
For Kennedy, one can’t go wrong with the “foundational martial arts”: wrestling, boxing, Muay Thai, and Jiu-Jitsu. Elaborating, he said: “You know, you step up against a guy that has a little bit of knowledge in any one of those . . . they’re a pain in the ass. And if he has a little bit [of knowledge] in all of them or he’s really good at one of them? Just kiss your ass goodbye. You’re going to sleep.”
Willink unequivocally agreed. Yet he also informed his sizable audience that they already have a “natural defense,” which is to “run away.” If someone comes at me and “you’ve got a knife, or whatever,” Willink said, “I’m going to run from you. It’s OK. It’s defense. I’m being defensive. I’m running away from you.”
Kennedy replied: “I 100 percent agree with you.” He added that if someone came up to him and demanded that he give him his wallet, Kennedy would reply: “You’ve got to catch me first.”
Kennedy and Willink are representative of an attitude that pervades the contemporary world of martial arts. While martial artists generally, and Tim Kennedy and Jocko Willink specifically, are good guys, the attitude they’re exhibiting isn’t just lamentable—it’s outrageous. It’s outrageous because decent human beings, recognizing, as they do, the Kennedys and Willinks of the world as authorities on the subject of self-protection, turn to them for assistance in helping them surmount their own fears of being preyed upon.
Their advice is terrible, in more ways than one.
A capable martial arts instructor must ask and answer for himself the following questions:
1) What is a martial art?
Let’s get back to basics and remind ourselves that “martial,” as in martial art, means “of or pertaining to war.”
War.
The martial arts, then, are, historically and etymologically, the arts of war.
Martial arts instructors, then, have a singular task vis-à-vis their students: They must instill martial prowess, i.e. the skill and the will to incapacitate the enemy by whatever means necessary. The violence for which a student of a real martial art trains is the violence that is necessary to prevail in a conflict that could become lethal.
2) What is the context within which martial arts students will prepare themselves to use violence?
Given the definition of a martial art, the only appropriate mode of training is one that prepares students to unleash violence within the context of a potentially life-threatening attack launched by a determined assailant against innocents, whether those innocents are students themselves, their loved ones, or other innocents who can’t fend for themselves.
Put another way, martial arts students should not be training for duels, matches, contests, bar fights, or street brawls. They should not train to brawl at all. Like soldiers, students of the martial arts should train to dispatch potentially homicidal assailants with ruthless efficiency.
Students pursuing self-protection training in a martial art should be trained to encounter, not “opponents” but, rather, “enemies.”
There are only enemies, anti-humans who have divested themselves of their humanity by choosing instead to become bipedal predators who feed off of the blood of innocents.
3) Against whom am I preparing students to use the skills that I instill in them?
To repeat the last point: Students should be training to become as capable as possible of destroying the enemy. And the enemy is anyone who won’t think twice about raping, robbing, bludgeoning, and murdering innocents in order to get what he wants.
Let’s put this another way: Students are not training to win contests. They’re not training for sport. The enemy is not likely to be an athlete, a boxer, or another martial artist. Nor should students be training to kick the ass of some guy who is acting like a douchebag.
In other words, boxing, wrestling, Muay Thai, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu—the arts Tim Kennedy and Jocko Willink recommend for those who are interested in learning self-protection—presuppose a context fundamentally other than the context of a martial art, the context of war. They presuppose an opponent, someone with whom one can “square off” or with whom it is safe to go to the ground. This assumption is at once wholly intelligible and appropriate within the context of a sport. It couldn’t be more inappropriate, more dangerous, within the context of a possibly deadly confrontation, of war.
As far as grappling is concerned, most of the pioneers of World War II close-quarter combatives were grapplers. So too were many of their students. And yet they have always insisted, forcefully and repeatedly, that the ground is the last place to which one wants to go in a real violent confrontation—however masterful a “ground game” one may have achieved. The ground, given its solidity and the potential it has to be uneven and strewn with debris and broken glass, isn’t remotely as accommodating as a mat in a dojo. And considering the likelihood that the enemy could have a weapon and/or fellow belligerents waiting in the wings to whom a defender will be that much more vulnerable while on the ground, training in a grappling art leaves much to be desired for the only kind of (non-sportive) confrontation for which decent civilian adults should ever prepare.
When we turn to the standing arts, things are not much better. The conventional fighting stance that students of boxing and many other martial arts are taught to assume reinforces this fiction—an invidious fiction—that it is some single opponent against whom they’ll be “squaring off.” Yet squaring off, putting up one’s dukes, is likely to be neither necessary nor desirable against a scumbag or gang of scumbags who are resolved to cave in the side of your skull with a crowbar or a tire iron, or who sucker strikes you in the back of your head with a rock.
The point is that the only type of violent transaction for which it is both morally and legally permissible for adults to engage occurs everywhere but comes from nowhere. It is a life or death situation, whether or not the assailant or assailants intend to extinguish the lives of their targets. There’s nothing sporty or organized about it.
Since microseconds count, it should be obvious that there is no time for a person targeted to square off. Not only is it not likely that there would be time to do so while under attack. Even if there was time to do so, it would be a waste of time, for it takes more time to stand in a guard position and then strike than it takes just to strike!
And by throwing up the hands in front of one’s head and face prior to pre-empting the enemy’s assault, one renders exponentially more difficult to sustain any argument from self-defense one may try making upon severely injuring or killing an assailant. This is because if one had time to assume a conventional fighting stance, then, presumably, one had time to walk away or otherwise diffuse the confrontation. In squaring off, one consents to “fight.”
Again, in a ring or within the context of sport, this makes sense. In the context of self-protection, it most assuredly does not.
So, to put it simply and contrary to Tim Kennedy’s suggestion, a person is not likely to be violently attacked by a practitioner of boxing, wrestling, Muay Thai, or Jiu Jitsu. One must train accordingly.
4) To whom will I impart this training?
The people most likely to pursue training in an art of war for the sake of defending themselves and their loved ones generally possess various peculiar characteristics.
First, while they may be of any age, those who are seeking training in a combat art tend to be older. Since they want to learn how to maximize their odds of being able to successfully defend themselves within their unique bodies, they are not aiming to compete, so styles and systems that specialize in flashy, choreographed, but largely impractical techniques are not going to appeal to them.
Second, they are not, then, likely to be especially athletic, if they’re athletic at all. Every drill, every habit sown, must be conducive to the end of making students ever more efficient at neutralizing those who would prey upon them.
Third, they are most definitely not troublemakers. They don’t need their instructor to repeatedly warn them against using the skills they acquire in their training for nefarious or otherwise illegitimate purposes.
Nor do they need to have the very fears that motivated them to pursue martial training in the first place reinforced by the people—their instructors—to whom they turn for help in surmounting their fears!
What this means is that instructors who go about with a long face, as if they lament having to train their students in the use of violence, who indiscriminately (without any attention paid to circumstances) tell their students to run, and who deluge them with ominous tales of the “prison-trained monsters” up against whom they may come further ensconce the anxieties, and possibly the trauma, that motivated their students to take up the study of self-protection.
They do their students a grave injustice by failing to deliver the goods.
5) What motivates people psychologically to pursue training in martial arts?
To reiterate the last point, it is fear, the fear of not being able to successfully defend oneself and one’s loved ones from verminous bipedal predators that fundamentally accounts for why your average person, particularly your average adult, takes up the study of a martial art. This being the case, instructors have an obligation to help their students manage and channel that fear for the purpose of annihilating the enemy, if the occasion should ever demand this course of action.
Instructors who fail to know their students by strengthening this fear fail their students.
6) How will I do right by my students in satisfying this longing?
Instructors fulfill their calling by refusing to peddle fear porn consisting of tales of invincible bad guys, life imprisonment for decent people who defend themselves and their loved ones from the bad guys, and orders to run from the bad guys!
Yet they have a duty to do more. Martial arts instructors need to spare no occasion to instill in their students both the physical skill and, critically, the moral will, the mental focus, to excise from the planet like the malignant cancer they are, any and all who would imperil the innocent.
Period.
The enemy is not invincible. He’s mortal. Whatever his race, religion, or tribe, and whether he is a drug kingpin, a terrorist, a mafia hitman, a gangbanger, or an ex-con—the enemy bleeds, breaks, and dies.
He can be critically injured, maimed, and killed.
Instructors should continually remind their students of this axiomatic truth. Students of the martial arts, specifically, the arts of war, don’t need to be told how dangerous such lowlifes are (as if they would go around looking to pick “fights” with these types, or any types, once they got a little training in a warrior art under their belt!). They need to have it drilled into them that the godless are not only mortal but will in fact be forced to come to terms with their mortality if the evil are ever so stupid as to attack them!
This is the martial spirit. We need more of it in the world of martial arts.
And those American citizens who are willing to assume responsibility for their own protection by pursuing the study of a genuinely martial art should take care to seek out an instructor who has asked and answered the foregoing questions.
An additional $800 million drawdown package of security assistance is on its way to Ukraine. Efforts to get the newly authorized equipment and supplies to the Ukrainian military will begin immediately, said Pentagon Press Secretary John F. Kirby.
“As you’ve seen [it] go in the past, from the time the president authorizes drawdown until the first shipments actually start landing in the region can be as little as four to five days and then another couple of days once they’re there to get processed and actually in the hands of Ukrainian frontline forces,” Kirby said.
The Defense Department is still delivering equipment from the last $800 million package for Ukraine, and Kirby said that’ll likely be complete by the middle of this month. But the shipment of new equipment will begin immediately, he said.
“We’re not going to wait,” he said. “We’re going to start getting these articles on the way, as well. So, we will literally start right away.”
This most recent authorization is the seventh drawdown of equipment from DOD inventories for Ukraine since August 2021, Kirby said. About $2.6 billion in security assistance has been provided to Ukraine since the beginning of the Russian invasion on Feb. 24.
According to Kirby, the array of equipment that will be sent to Ukraine as part of the new drawdown package is broad. It includes 18 155 mm Howitzers, along with 40,000 artillery rounds. Also included are the AN/TPQ-36 counterartillery and AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel air surveillance radar systems.
To move Ukrainian troops around the battlefield, the package includes 100 armored Humvee vehicles, 200 M113 Armored Personnel Carriers, and 11 Mi-17 helicopters. The helicopters will augment the five Mi-17 helicopters sent to Ukraine earlier this year.
Additional Switchblade drones, Javelin missiles, medical equipment, body armor and helmets, optics and laser rangefinders, and M18A1 Claymore mines are also included in the package.
“Some of [these capabilities] are reinforcing capabilities that we have already been providing Ukraine and some of them are new capabilities that we have not provided to Ukraine,” Kirby said. “All of them are designed to help Ukraine … in the fight that they are in right now.”
In addition to gear, the Department expects that there will need to be training provided as well. So far, much of what has been transferred to the Ukrainians have been systems they are already familiar with. An exception to that has been the Switchblade Tactical Unmanned Aerial System. For those, the Department trained Ukrainian servicemembers who were already in the U.S. for other kinds of training, allowing them to train others upon their return home.
This latest round of security assistance includes new kinds of capabilities the Department believes the Ukrainians may need training on before putting it to use. That includes the Howitzer system, the two radar systems, and possible the optics and laser rangefinders as well as the Claymore mines. There may also be additional training for the Switchblade system.
Because the Ukrainians are in an ongoing fight, any training will likely follow a “train-the-trainer” approach, to ensure the least impact, Kirby said.
“We’re still working our way through what that’s going to look like, where, when, how many,” he said. “It’s more likely than not that what we would do, because they are in an active fight, is a ‘train-the-trainer’s’ program. So, pull a small number of Ukrainian forces out so that they can get trained on these systems and then send them back in.”
It’s also expected that specific types of troops will be trained on specific types of systems.
“It’ll likely be tailored,” he said. “We’ll pull troops out that, for instance, are artillerymen, to learn the Howitzer and then go back in and train their colleagues, rather than take an artilleryman and make them responsible for … training everybody on all these systems.”
Right now, it’s unclear where such training might occur, Kirby told reporters, though he said it might happen in “multiple locations.” Additionally, training on these systems by U.S. forces would likely happen with forces already in the region.
Armor 101
Biden is likely to discuss the $1billion defense package he plans to offer Ukraine on Wednesday, likely to include the Switchblade drones. Volodymyr Zelensky will also address the U.S. Congress on Wednesday, and is expected to ask for more weapons to fight Russia. Ultra high-tech drones could be on his list.
The small, lightweight and comparatively cheap Switchblade weapons are designed by Washington DC-based AeroVironment. The most powerful of the two Switchblades, the Switchblade 600, weighs 50lbs and can hover over a target for 40 minutes before darting down at speeds of 115mph, piercing armor and destroying a tank.
The lighter Switchblade 300 is intended to kill people in the open and passengers in a vehicle. It weighs only 5.5lbs but can travel for six miles, hover for 15 minutes, and then dive down to a target at 100mph. Both Switchblades are designed to be easily portable, fitting into a rucksack and fired from a tube set up in 10 minutes.
Recoil (often referred to as “kick”) is the force a rifle exerts against the shooter when it is fired. As a rule of thumb, the heavier a rifle the lower the recoil. However, perceived recoil — what the shooter feels — is influenced by several factors including the powder load, bullet mass, projectile speed and stock shape. Recoil is measured by free recoil energy, and recoil velocity. Selecting the correct rifle and cartridge combination ensures that a shooter can shoot accurately without discomfort.
Rifle recoil not only impacts how accurately you shoot, it can also determine how many shots you can shoot in a day, and simply how much you enjoy using your rifle. You’ll want a lower recoil rifle for shooting practice, so that you can shoot for longer periods of time. You’ll also want lower recoil when you’re hunting over long days. If you’re hunting game where you’ll just need one well-placed shot, and you’re able to maintain your aim through the heavier recoil, a more powerful rifle with heavy recoil may be right for you.
The following chart provides a rifle’s recoil level based on its recoil score*.
| Recoil Score* | Recoil Level |
|---|---|
| 1-2 | Low Recoil |
| 3-4 | Moderate Recoil |
| 5-10 | High Recoil |
The following table provides rifle recoil energy, recoil velocity and recoil score of various rifle cartridges based on respective projectile weight, projectile velocity, powder charge and rifle weight.
Note: Bw = Bullet Weight; Mv = Muzzle Velociy; Rw = Rifle Weight
| Cartridge (Bw;Mv;Rw) | Recoil Energy (ft-lbs) | Recoil Velocity (fps) | Recoil Score* |
|---|---|---|---|
| .17 HMR (17; 2550; 7.5) | 0.2 | 1.5 | 1.02 |
| .17 Hornet (20; 3650; 8.5) | 0.6 | 2 | 1.08 |
| .17 Rem. (25; 4000; 8.5) | 1.6 | 3.5 | 1.24 |
| .204 Ruger (33; 4225; 8.5) | 2.6 | 4.4 | 1.38 |
| .218 Bee (45; 2800; 8.5) | 1.3 | 3.1 | 1.20 |
| .22 LR (40; 1165; 4) | 0.2 | 1 | 1.00 |
| .22 WMR (40; 1910; 6.75) | 0.4 | 1.5 | 1.04 |
| .22 Hornet (45; 2800; 7.5) | 1.3 | 3.3 | 1.20 |
| .222 Rem. (50; 3200; 7.5) | 3 | 5.1 | 1.45 |
| .223 Rem. (45; 3500; 8.5) | 2.6 | 4.5 | 1.38 |
| .223 Rem. (55; 3200; 8) | 3.2 | 5.1 | 1.46 |
| .223 Rem. (62; 3025; 7) | 3.9 | 6 | 1.57 |
| .223 Rem. (70; 2900; 8) | 3.6 | 5.4 | 1.52 |
| .224 Wby. Mag. (55; 3700; 10) | 3.6 | 4.8 | 1.49 |
| .22-250 Rem. (55; 3600; 8.5) | 4.7 | 6 | 1.65 |
| .22-250 Rem. (60; 3500; 12.5) | 3.1 | 4 | 1.41 |
| .220 Swift (50; 3900; 10.5) | 3.7 | 4.8 | 1.50 |
| .220 Swift (55; 3800; 8.5) | 5.3 | 6.4 | 1.72 |
| .223 WSSM (55; 3850; 7.5) | 6.4 | 7.4 | 1.87 |
| 5.6×50 Mag. (60; 3300; 7.5) | 4 | 5.9 | 1.58 |
| 5.6x52R (70; 2800; 7.5) | 3.7 | 5.7 | 1.54 |
| 5.6×57 RWS (60; 3800; 7.5) | 6.9 | 7.7 | 1.93 |
| 6mm BR Rem. (80; 3100; 8.5) | 5.2 | 6.3 | 1.71 |
| 6mm Norma BR (95; 2914; 8.5) | 5.9 | 6.7 | 1.80 |
| .243 Win. (75; 3400; 8.5) | 7.2 | 7.4 | 1.95 |
| .243 Win. (95; 3100; 7.25) | 11 | 9.9 | 2.43 |
| .243 Win. (100; 2960; 7.5) | 8.8 | 8.7 | 2.16 |
| 6mm Rem. (100; 3100; 8) | 10 | 9 | 2.29 |
| .243 WSSM (100; 3100; 7.5) | 10.1 | 9.3 | 2.31 |
| .240 Wby. Mag. (100; 3406; 8) | 17.9 | 9.7 | 3.09 |
| .25-20 Win. (86; 1460; 6.5) | 1.3 | 3.5 | 1.21 |
| .256 Win. Mag. (75; 2400; 7.5) | 2.4 | 4.5 | 1.36 |
| .25-35 Win. (110; 2425; 7.5) | 6 | 7.2 | 1.83 |
| .25-35 Win. (117; 2230; 7.5) | 7 | 8.3 | 1.97 |
| .250 Savage (100; 2900; 7.5) | 7.8 | 8.2 | 2.04 |
| .257 Roberts (100; 3000; 7.5) | 9.3 | 8.9 | 2.22 |
| .257 Roberts (120; 2800; 8) | 10.7 | 9.3 | 2.37 |
| .257 Rob. Imp. (115; 2900; 8) | 10.8 | 9.3 | 2.38 |
| .25 WSSM (120; 2990; 8) | 13.8 | 11.1 | 2.75 |
| .25-06 Rem. (100; 3230; 8) | 11 | 9.4 | 2.41 |
| .25-06 Rem. (120; 3000; 8) | 12.5 | 10 | 2.58 |
| .257 Wby. Mag. (100; 3602; 9.25) | 15.8 | 10.5 | 2.92 |
| .257 Wby. Mag. (115; 3433; 9.25) | 17.7 | 11.1 | 3.13 |
| .257 Wby. Mag. (120; 3300; 9.25) | 15.1 | 10.3 | 2.84 |
| 6.5mm Grendel (120; 2600; 7.5) | 8.9 | 8.8 | 2.18 |
| 6.5mm Grendel (123; 2590; 8) | 7.9 | 8 | 2.05 |
| 6.5×54 M-S (140; 2400; 7.5) | 11.1 | 9.7 | 2.43 |
| 6.5 PRC (143; 2960; 6.1) | 15.7 | 11 | 2.93 |
| 6.5×55 Swede (129; 2700; 8) | 12.5 | 10 | 2.58 |
| 6.5×55 Swede (140; 2650; 9) | 10.6 | 8.7 | 2.34 |
| 6.5×55 Swede (140; 2735; 8.5) | 12.1 | 9.6 | 2.52 |
| 6.5×55 Swede (160; 2300; 8) | 12.7 | 10.1 | 2.60 |
| .260 Rem. (120; 2860; 7.5) | 13 | 10.6 | 2.65 |
| .260 Rem. (140; 2360; 8) | 9.5 | 8.8 | 2.23 |
| .260 Rem. (129; 2900; 8.25) | 12.5 | 9.9 | 2.57 |
| .260 Rem. (140; 2750; 8.25) | 11.9 | 9.7 | 2.51 |
| 6.5×57 (140; 2700; 8) | 12.5 | 10 | 2.58 |
| 6.5mm-284 Norma (140; 2920; 8) | 14.7 | 10.9 | 2.83 |
| 6.5mm-06 (140; 2800; 8) | 13.9 | 10.6 | 2.74 |
| 6.5mm Rem. Mag. (120; 3100; 8) | 13.1 | 10.3 | 2.65 |
| 6.5mm Rem. Mag. (140; 2900; 8.5) | 13.9 | 10.3 | 2.73 |
| 6.5×68 S (140; 2990; 8.5) | 16.8 | 11.3 | 3.05 |
| .264 Win. Mag. (140; 3200; 8.5) | 19.2 | 12.1 | 3.32 |
| .26 Nosler (129; 3400; 8.5) | 23.9 | 13.5 | 3.84 |
| 6.5-300 Wby. Mag. (140; 3395; 9.5) | 21.1 | 12 | 3.50 |
| 6.8mm Rem. SPC (115; 2625; 7.5) | 8 | 8.3 | 2.07 |
| .270 Win. (120; 2675; 8) | 10 | 9 | 2.29 |
| .270 Win. (140; 3000; 8) | 17.1 | 11.7 | 3.10 |
| .270 Win. (150; 2900; 8) | 17 | 11.7 | 3.09 |
| .270 WSM (130; 3275; 8) | 18.7 | 12.3 | 3.28 |
| .270 WSM (150; 3000; 8) | 18.9 | 12.3 | 3.30 |
| .270 Wby. Mag. (130; 3375; 9) | 21 | 12.3 | 3.50 |
| .270 Wby. Mag. (150; 3000; 9.25) | 17.8 | 11.1 | 3.14 |
| 7×57 Mauser (139; 2700; 8.75) | 11.7 | 9.3 | 2.47 |
| 7×57 Mauser (140; 2660; 8) | 13.5 | 10.4 | 2.69 |
| 7×57 Mauser (145; 2725; 8.5) | 13 | 9.9 | 2.62 |
| 7×57 Mauser (175; 2500; 8) | 15.5 | 11.2 | 2.92 |
| 7mm-08 Rem. (120; 3000; 7.5) | 12.1 | 10.2 | 2.55 |
| 7mm-08 Rem. (140; 2860; 8) | 12.6 | 10.1 | 2.59 |
| 7mm-08 Rem. (150; 2750; 7.5) | 13.9 | 10.9 | 2.75 |
| 7x65R (175; 2600; 8) | 17.1 | 11.7 | 3.10 |
| .280 Rem. (140; 3000; 8) | 17.2 | 11.8 | 3.11 |
| .280 Rem. (150; 2900; 8) | 17.4 | 11.8 | 3.13 |
| .280 Rem. (160; 2800; 8) | 17 | 11.7 | 3.09 |
| .280 Ackley Imp. (150; 2930; 8.5) | 16.3 | 11.1 | 3.00 |
| 7mm Rem. SAUM (160; 2931; 8) | 21.5 | 13.2 | 3.59 |
| 7mm WSM (140; 3200; 8) | 20.7 | 12.9 | 3.50 |
| 7mm WSM (160; 3000; 8) | 21.9 | 13.3 | 3.63 |
| 7mm Rem. Mag. (139; 3100; 9) | 19.3 | 11.8 | 3.32 |
| 7mm Rem. Mag. (140; 2700; 8.5) | 15.5 | 10.8 | 2.90 |
| 7mm Rem. Mag. (150; 3100; 8.5) | 19.2 | 12.1 | 3.32 |
| 7mm Rem. Mag. (154; 3035; 8.5) | 20.3 | 12.4 | 3.44 |
| 7mm Rem. Mag. (160; 2950; 9) | 20.3 | 12 | 3.42 |
| 7mm Rem. Mag. (175; 2870; 9) | 21.7 | 12.5 | 3.58 |
| .275 H&H Mag. (160; 3050; 8.5) | 19.5 | 12.2 | 3.35 |
| 7mm Wby. Mag. (140; 3300; 9.25) | 19.5 | 11.7 | 3.33 |
| 7mm Wby. Mag. (160; 3200; 9) | 25.6 | 13.5 | 4.00 |
| 7mm STW (160; 3185; 8.5) | 27.9 | 14.6 | 4.27 |
| .28 Nosler (160; 3200; 8.5) | 29.4 | 14.9 | 4.43 |
| .30 Carbine (110; 1990; 7) | 3.5 | 5.7 | 1.52 |
| .300 Blackout (135; 2085; 8) | 3.32 | 4.95 | 1.47 |
| .30 Rem. (170; 2120; 7.5) | 9.8 | 9.2 | 2.28 |
| .30-30 Win. (125; 2175; 7.5) | 6.6 | 7.5 | 1.90 |
| .30-30 Win. (150; 2364; 8) | 9.4 | 8.7 | 2.22 |
| .30-30 Win. (150; 2400; 7.5) | 10.6 | 9.5 | 2.37 |
| .30-30 Win. (160; 2400; 7.5) | 12.7 | 10.5 | 2.62 |
| .30-30 Win. (170; 2200; 7.5) | 11 | 9.7 | 2.42 |
| .307 Win. (150; 2600; 7.5) | 13.7 | 10.9 | 2.73 |
| .308 Marlin Express (160; 2660; 8) | 13.4 | 10.4 | 2.68 |
| 7.5×55 Swiss (150; 2800; 9) | 12.9 | 9.6 | 2.60 |
| .308 Win. (125; 2675; 8.75) | 9 | 8.1 | 2.16 |
| .308 Win. (150; 2800; 7.5) | 15.8 | 11.7 | 2.97 |
| .308 Win. (165; 2700; 7.5) | 18.1 | 12.5 | 3.23 |
| .308 Win. (180; 2610; 8) | 17.5 | 11.9 | 3.15 |
| .30 T/C (150; 2900; 8.5) | 13.9 | 10.3 | 2.73 |
| .30-06 Spfd. (150; 2910; 8) | 17.6 | 11.9 | 3.16 |
| .30-06 Spfd. (165; 2900; 8) | 20.1 | 12.7 | 3.43 |
| .30-06 Spfd. (180; 2700; 8) | 20.3 | 12.8 | 3.46 |
| .30-06 Ackley Imp. (180; 2985; 8.5) | 23 | 13.2 | 3.74 |
| .300 RCM (180; 2900; 8.5) | 22.3 | 13 | 3.66 |
| .300 Rem. SAUM (180; 2960; 8.25) | 23.5 | 13.6 | 3.80 |
| .300 WSM (150; 3300; 8.25) | 22.5 | 13.3 | 3.69 |
| .300 WSM (180; 2970; 7.25) | 27.1 | 15.5 | 4.23 |
| .300 WSM (180; 2970; 8.25) | 23.8 | 13.6 | 3.83 |
| .308 Norma Mag. (180; 3000; 8.5) | 25.9 | 14 | 4.05 |
| .300 Win. Mag. (150; 3320; 8.5) | 23.5 | 13.3 | 3.79 |
| .300 Win. Mag. (165; 3110; 8) | 26.2 | 14.5 | 4.10 |
| .300 Win. Mag. (180; 2960; 8.5) | 25.9 | 14 | 4.05 |
| .300 H&H Mag. (180; 2920; 8.5) | 23.1 | 13.2 | 3.75 |
| .300 Dakota (180; 3100; 8.5) | 28.3 | 14.7 | 4.32 |
| .30 Nosler (180; 3112; 9) | 26.9 | 13.9 | 4.15 |
| .300 Wby. Mag. (150; 3400; 9.25) | 24.6 | 13.1 | 3.89 |
| .300 Wby. Mag. (180; 3240; 9) | 31.6 | 15 | 4.65 |
| .300 Ultra Mag. (180; 3230; 8.5) | 32.8 | 15.8 | 4.80 |
| .300 Norma Mag. (180; 3317; 8.5) | 35.5 | 16.4 | 5.09 |
| .30-378 Wby. Mag. (180; 3300; 9.75) | 42.6 | 16.8 | 5.80 |
| 7.62×39 Soviet (125; 2350; 7) | 6.9 | 8 | 1.95 |
| 7.62x53R Finn (150; 2800; 9) | 13.1 | 9.7 | 2.62 |
| 7.62x54R Russian (150; 2800; 9) | 13.1 | 9.7 | 2.62 |
| 7.62x54R Russian (174; 2600; 9) | 15 | 10.4 | 2.84 |
| .303 British (150; 2700; 7.5) | 14.2 | 11 | 2.79 |
| .303 British (180; 2420; 8) | 15.4 | 11.1 | 2.91 |
| .32 Spec. (165; 2410; 7.5) | 13.2 | 10.6 | 2.67 |
| .32 Spec. (170; 2250; 7) | 12.2 | 10.6 | 2.57 |
| 8×57 Mauser (170; 2400; 8) | 13.6 | 10.4 | 2.70 |
| 8x57JS Mauser (150; 2900; 8) | 17.1 | 11.7 | 3.10 |
| 8x57JS Mauser (195; 2500; 8) | 18.5 | 12.2 | 3.26 |
| .325 WSM (180; 3060; 7.5) | 33.1 | 16.9 | 4.88 |
| .325 WSM (220; 2840; 7.5) | 37.5 | 17.9 | 5.35 |
| 8mm Rem. Mag. (200; 2900; 8.5) | 32.9 | 15.8 | 4.81 |
| .33 Win. (200; 2100; 8) | 13.9 | 10.6 | 2.74 |
| .338-57 O’Connor (200; 2400; 8) | 19.2 | 12.4 | 3.33 |
| .338 Marlin Express (200; 2400; 8) | 16.2 | 11.4 | 3.00 |
| .338 Marlin Express (200; 2600; 8) | 22 | 14 | 3.67 |
| .338 Federal (200; 2660; 8.5) | 19.3 | 12.1 | 3.33 |
| .338 Federal (210; 2630; 8) | 21.9 | 13.3 | 3.63 |
| .338-06 A-Square (200; 2800; 8) | 23.9 | 13.9 | 3.85 |
| .338-06 A-Square (250; 2500; 8.5) | 28.2 | 14.6 | 4.30 |
| .338 RCM (200; 2800; 8) | 26.1 | 14.5 | 4.09 |
| .338 Win. Mag. (200; 2950; 8.5) | 32.8 | 15.8 | 4.80 |
| .338 Win. Mag. (225; 2780; 8.5) | 35.2 | 16.3 | 5.06 |
| .338 Win. Mag. (250; 2700; 9) | 33.1 | 15.4 | 4.82 |
| .338 Lapua Mag. (225; 3000; 9.5) | 37.2 | 15.9 | 5.24 |
| .338-378 Wby. Mag. (250; 3040; 11.75) | 41.1 | 15 | 5.58 |
| .340 Wby. Mag. (200; 3100; 8.5) | 29.6 | 13.8 | 4.41 |
| .340 Wby. Mag. (250; 2940; 9) | 43.4 | 17.6 | 5.91 |
| .38 Special. (158; 1100; 7) | 1.7 | 4 | 1.27 |
| .357 Mag. (158; 1650; 7) | 4.7 | 6.6 | 1.67 |
| .357 Mag. (180; 1550; 6.5) | 5.5 | 7.4 | 1.79 |
| .35 Rem. (200; 2050; 7.5) | 13.5 | 10.8 | 2.71 |
| .358 Win. (200; 2490; 8) | 20.9 | 13 | 3.52 |
| .358 Win. (250; 2260; 7.5) | 23 | 13.9 | 3.77 |
| .35 Whelen (200; 2675; 8) | 22.6 | 13.5 | 3.71 |
| .35 Whelen (225; 2525; 8) | 25 | 14.2 | 3.97 |
| .35 Whelen (250; 2400; 7.5) | 27.9 | 15.5 | 4.31 |
| .350 Rem. Mag. (200; 2700; 8.5) | 22.3 | 13 | 3.66 |
| .350 Rem. Mag. (225; 2550; 8.5) | 24.2 | 13.5 | 3.87 |
| .350 Rem. Mag. (250; 2500; 8.5) | 29 | 14.8 | 4.39 |
| .358 Norma Mag. (250; 2723; 9) | 31.2 | 15 | 4.61 |
| 9.3×57 (232; 2330; 8.5) | 19.8 | 12.2 | 3.38 |
| 9.3×62 (250; 2450; 8.5) | 25.7 | 14 | 4.03 |
| 9.3×62 (286; 2360; 9) | 28 | 14.1 | 4.26 |
| 9.3×64 (286; 2650; 9) | 36.5 | 16.2 | 5.18 |
| 9.3×66 (286; 2559; 9) | 36.3 | 16.1 | 5.16 |
| 9.3x74R (250; 2550; 9) | 29.1 | 14.4 | 4.38 |
| 9.3x74R (286; 2400; 8.25) | 34.3 | 16.6 | 4.98 |
| .370 Sako Mag. (286; 2550; 8.5) | 35.2 | 16.3 | 5.06 |
| .375 Win. (220; 2200; 7.5) | 17.1 | 12.1 | 3.12 |
| .375 Ruger (270; 2840; 9) | 41.3 | 17.2 | 5.69 |
| .375 Ruger (300; 2550; 8.5) | 44.8 | 18.4 | 6.08 |
| .375 H&H Mag. (235; 2700; 9) | 29.5 | 14.5 | 4.43 |
| .375 H&H Mag. (270; 2690; 9) | 36.1 | 16.1 | 5.14 |
| .375 H&H Mag. (300; 2530; 9) | 37.3 | 16.3 | 5.26 |
| .375 Dakota (300; 2600; 8.5) | 44.5 | 18.4 | 6.06 |
| .375 Wby. Mag. (300; 2700; 10) | 47.3 | 17.5 | 6.29 |
| .38-40 Win. (180; 1100; 7.5) | 3.1 | 5.2 | 1.46 |
| .404 Jeffery (400; 2170; 10.25) | 41 | 16.1 | 5.62 |
| .405 Win. (300; 2200; 8) | 30.6 | 15.7 | 4.58 |
| .41 Rem. Mag. (210; 1775; 7) | 9.5 | 9.4 | 2.26 |
| .416 Taylor (400; 2350; 10) | 47.8 | 17.5 | 6.34 |
| .416 Ruger (400; 2390; 9) | 58.1 | 20.4 | 7.47 |
| .416 Rem. Mag. (400; 2400; 10) | 52.9 | 18.5 | 6.88 |
| .416 Rigby (400; 2400; 10) | 58.1 | 19.3 | 7.42 |
| .416 Dakota (400; 2500; 10) | 59.2 | 19.5 | 7.54 |
| .416 Wby. Mag. (400; 2700; 10.25) | 83 | 22.8 | 10.00 |
| .44 Rem. Mag. (240; 1760; 7.5) | 11.2 | 9.8 | 2.44 |
| .44 Rem. Mag. (275; 1580; 7.5) | 11.4 | 9.9 | 2.47 |
| .444 Marlin (240; 2400; 7.5) | 23.3 | 14.2 | 3.81 |
| .444 Marlin (265; 2200; 8.5) | 22.1 | 12.9 | 3.64 |
| .444 Marlin (265; 2325; 8.5) | 27.6 | 15.4 | 4.28 |
| .45 Colt (255; 1100; 8) | 4 | 5.6 | 1.56 |
| .45 Colt +P (250; 1500; 6.5) | 11.1 | 10.5 | 2.46 |
| .458 SOCOM (300; 1840; 7.5) | 20.2 | 13.2 | 3.46 |
| .45-70 (300; 1800; 7) | 23.9 | 14.8 | 3.89 |
| .45-70 (350; 1900; 7) | 37.9 | 18.7 | 5.42 |
| .45-70 (405; 1330; 7.5) | 18.7 | 12.7 | 3.30 |
| .450 Marlin (350; 2000; 7) | 37.2 | 18.5 | 5.35 |
| .450 Marlin (350; 2100; 8.5) | 33.6 | 16 | 4.89 |
| .450 N.E. (465; 2150; 11) | 55.5 | 18 | 7.11 |
| .458 Win. Mag. (400; 2050; 9) | 41.7 | 17.3 | 5.74 |
| .458 Win. Mag. (500; 2100; 9) | 62.3 | 21.1 | 7.91 |
| .458 Lott (500; 2300; 10) | 70.4 | 21.3 | 8.71 |
| .470 N.E. (500; 2150; 11) | 69.3 | 20.1 | 8.55 |
| .480 Ruger (325; 1450; 6.25) | 16.4 | 13 | 3.08 |
| .50 BMG (647; 2710; 30) | 70 | 12.3 | 8.29 |
| *Recoil score is calculated as a function of recoil energy and recoil velocity using a weight average which is then normalized between 1-10. See below for a detailed explanation. Recoil energy and recoil velocity figures are taken from various sources including the recoil nomograph in the Handloader’s Digest 8th Edition, online recoil calculators, or calculated from the formula provided in the Lyman Reloading Handbook, 43rd Edition. | |||
CALCULATING RIFLE RECOIL
We’re all familiar with Newton’s third law which states for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Newton’s third law explains why when you shoot a gun it kicks. The bullet explosion exerts an incidental force on the gun which in turn transfers a reciprocal force onto the shoulder. Mathematically, this relationship is explained by the equation F(i) = -F(r), where F(i) represents the ‘incident force’ (bullet force on the gun) and -F(r) represents the ‘reciprocal force’ (gun force on shoulder). This force is referred to as Recoil, or in industry vernacular “kick”. How much kick a rifle generates when discharged is a function of two measurements: Recoil Energy and Recoil Velocity.
RECOIL ENERGY
Recoil energy is the kinetic energy transferred to the shooter when a gun is discharged. It’s the propulsive force generated when the powder charge within a firearm chamber combusts. Recoil energy is measured in Joules (J) but is more commonly expressed in foot-pounds of force (ft-lbf). Recoil energy is sometimes referred to as “free recoil”. While similar, the two terms are different. Recoil energy is the measurement of gross energy produced by the discharge of a firearm. Free recoil is the measurement of net energy produced by the discharge of a firearm–or gross energy less recoil energy loss due to various energy transferring inhibitors such as recoil reducing butt pad; muzzle break; recoil suppression tube; recoil operated action vs gas operated action; etc. In other words, free recoil energy is the actual energy absorbed by the body of the shooter.
Each shooter perceives free recoil energy slightly different. Some of the factors that influence perceived recoil energy include but are not limited to: size of the shooter; shooting style and position; suppression equipment (as previously mentioned); firearm fit; and other environmental stressors. For example, a 240lb muscular man is not going to experience the same amount of perceived recoil energy when shooting a .30-06 Springfield rifle as will a 130lb woman with a smaller body frame and structure. This isn’t because the woman is not as strong as the man, but simply because the same energy transfer is being met by the man’s greater mass.
Rifle weight is also a very important factor in determining and managing free recoil. Rifle weight is inversely proportional to a rifle’s recoil. All things being equal, the heavier the rifle the lower the free recoil energy. Inversely, the lighter the rifle, the greater the free recoil energy. Therefore, rifles that shoot heavier rounds are typically manufactured with more weight. If you purchase a lightweight rifle that shoots heavier rounds, expect it to pack a punch.
RECOIL VELOCITY
Where recoil energy determines how big of a punch the shoulder will feel, recoil velocity determines how abrupt of a punch the shoulder feels. Recoil velocity is the speed at which the stock of the rifle impacts your shoulder. A rifle that produces high recoil energy, but low recoil velocity, is going to pack a large slow punch. Inversely, a rifle that produces low recoil energy, but high recoil velocity, is going to pack a small fast punch. Recoil velocity is measured in feet per second (fps).
RECOIL SCORE
If you’ve never shot a rifle before, or have limited experience shooting rifles, it can be difficult to conceptualize based on Recoil Velocity and Recoil Energy measurements alone what it’s going to feel like to shoot a particular rifle. In our opinion, rifles that generated over 20 lbs of recoil energy when discharged may cause shooters to develop a sore shoulder. A maximum 15 lbs of recoil energy and 10 fps recoil velocity is probably the most an average shooter can comfortably handle for long-term hunting or target shooting. However, it’s the combination of both recoil energy and recoil velocity that generate the overall impact a shooter feels when shooting a rifle.
Recoil score combines recoil energy and recoil velocity measurements into a single value. While rifle recoil scores are subjective, they are useful for gauging the perceived “kick” of one rifle relative to another. If you’ve ever shot a .257 Roberts with a recoil score of 2.37 (low recoil) it’s easy to conceptualize how it will feel to shoot a .338 Lapua Magnum with a recoil score of 5.24 (high recoil).
Recoil level is calculated as a function of the weighted average of recoil energy and recoil velocity at a ratio of 7:3, respectively, to generate a recoil score. The recoil score is then normalized between 1 and 10 using the normalization equation xnormalized=(b−a)*((x−min(x)/max(x)−min(x))+a where xnormalized denotes the measurement to be scaled, min(x) denotes the minimum of the range of the measurement, max(x) denotes the maximum of the range of the measurement, b denotes the highest value and a denotes the lowest value. Recoil level is than assigned on a scale from 1-10 with ranges of 1-2 (low recoil), 3-4 (moderate recoil) and 5-10 (high recoil).
Disclaimer: Sportsman’s Warehouse assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions of the information on this page. Although we strive to provide the most accurate information as we can the information contained in this page is provided on an “as is” basis with no guarantees of completeness, accuracy, usefulness or timeliness. There are many quantitative and qualitative factors that influence rifle recoil and how it impacts the individual shooter. Do not use this guide as a basis for purchasing a rifle. It is design for informational purposes only.