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The birth of the Army Nation Guard

 “The visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the U.S”, New York, July 14, 1825. 2nd Battalion, 2nd Regiment of Artillery, New York State Militia welcomes the visiting hero of the American Revolution Marquis de Lafayette.

To honor him on his day of departure home to France, the unit adopted the name “National Guard” in remembrance of the Garde National de Paris, once commanded by Lafayette during the early days of the French Revolution.

Taking note of the unit and its new name, Lafayette left his carriage and went down the line of troops clasping hands. It was this instance the the modern term of “National Guard” came from in the U.S. From the collection of the U.S. Army National Guard.

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America’s Greatest Gun Writers by Jim Casada

This list offers an introduction to the great gun gurus throughout American history. After all, “There’s no nut like a gun nut.”

If you join a gathering of firearm enthusiasts at a hunting camp, shooting range or gun club, rest assured that, if the topic turns to great gun writers, you’ll find opinions as plentiful as scratches in a briar thicket. Everyone has a favorite and will defend that individual with breathless passion and persuasiveness against all comers. You’ll not need to listen long to realize the truth inherent in what a good friend of mine who writes about guns and ammunition once said: “There’s no nut like a gun nut.”

Consider that an acknowledgment that I’m fully aware this list won’t be met with universal approval. All I can offer is that, while I’m no expert on firearms, I’ve done a great deal of reading and study on the subject. That exposure has, over time, given me considerable familiarity with the literature of the field. So, if nothing else, this list offers an introduction to the great gun gurus. However, note that I’ve included only deceased writers, as I don’t need a verbal shooting match with any living expert, self-ordained or otherwise (there are plenty of both). Likewise, for no reason other than the United States has produced most of the finest gun writers, all those listed are Americans.

Jack O’Connor

Other writers have had greater technical knowledge, hunted more, and helped develop new calibers and loads, but, when it comes to writing for the average shooter, O’Connor ranks first. Literate, a masterful storyteller, and unabashedly independent (he never sold his soul to any gunmaker or ammunition company, though he had his favorites), he remains immensely enjoyable. The Rifle Book is the place to start, followed by The Shotgun Book. You can find a full bibliography of his writings in The Lost Classics of Jack O’Connor, which I edited.

 

 

Elmer Keith

Keith both despised and was the antithesis of O’Connor. He liked guns that had punch and produced lots of noise and recoil. While only marginally literate, he told gripping tales; shot a lot; and, with the help of excellent editors, garnered a huge following. The title of his autobiography, Hell, I Was There!, offers a window into his personality, while Sixguns and Big Game Rifles and Cartridges also merit attention. The little man in the big cowboy hat could be obstinate and ornery, but there’s no denying that he could entertain.

 

 

Warren Page

Likeable in print and the ultimate curmudgeon in person (the latter is by no means unique to Page among gun writers), he served as the shooting editor for Field & Stream for a quarter of a century, beginning in 1947, and helped develop the .243 Winchester. His two key books, One Man’s Wilderness and The Accurate Rifle, should be more widely read than they are today.

 

 

 

 

Townsend Whelen

If you asked me which of the old-time gun writers I’d most like to have spent time with, “Townie” Whelen would win, hands down. He was the master of practicality, and every avid outdoorsman should read his On Your Own in The Wilderness (with Bradford Angier) and Mister Rifleman, an autobiographical work that Angier also helped complete. Whelen’s other books of note include The American Rifle, Big Game Hunting, Why Not Load Your Own!, The Best of Colonel Townsend Whelen, The Ultimate in Rifle Precision, and Amateur Gunsmithing. Perhaps no quotation by a gun writer has been repeated more frequently than his suggestion that “only accurate rifles are interesting.”

 

 

Paul Curtis

This name will likely be unfamiliar to many sportsmen, but, in the golden era of gun and hunting writers, Curtis was one of the best. For two decades, from the end of World War I until he committed suicide (an all-too-common occurrence among gun writers), Curtis was a major presence in national magazines. He wrote five books, but Guns and Gunning and Sporting Firearms of Today in Use are of the greatest interest.

 

 

Charles Askins, Jr.

Since Charles Askins, Sr. was a gun writer, as well, the two Askins are easily and often confused. However, the younger was more prolific than his father, though the latter wrote a first-rate book about shotguns. The best place to start with Askins, Jr. is Unrepentant Sinner, his autobiography. By all accounts he was a highly temperamental man, involved in shenanigans that would result in hard time today, but there’s no doubting his expertise in works such as The Art of Handgun Shooting, The Gunfighters, and The African Hunt.

William H. “Bill” Jordan

Jordan was nowhere as prolific as the other writers on this list, but his first-hand experiences were in a class of their own; there may never have been a man faster with a handgun. His book, No Second Place Winner, has become a must-read for police-handgun enthusiasts, but you’ll need to dig up his magazine writings to really gain an appreciation for him. Someone could do his legacy and the shooting world a favor by anthologizing these pieces.

 

 

Michael McIntosh

McIntosh is the only writer listed here whom I knew personally, as we were both longtime columnists for Sporting Classics. McIntosh wrote with grace and a distinctive style, and he really knew shotguns. Mind you, his interests and knowledge ranged widely, but posterity will likely remember him, first and foremost, as a shotgun writer. His major works include Best Guns, Shotguns & Shooting, Shotgun Technicana, A. H. Fox: The Finest Gun in the World, The Big-Bore Rifle, and Gamefield Classics.

 

I can already hear readers muttering, Where are George Nonte, Skeeter Skelton, Jim Carmichael, David Petzal, Sam Fadala, Bryce Towsley, “Pondoro” Taylor, Jeff Cooper, Terry Wieland, Wayne Van Zwoll and countless others? These writers are all of note but many are still living, while others are just not at the top of my preferences.

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I really miss my Slobber Machines

Two of the best dogs I ever had were Princess & Smedley. All the cats for block around diappeared. Yes I really do hate Cats.

Grumpy

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AR15 Bushmaster

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All About Guns Allies This great Nation & Its People War

V-22 OSPREY: HELICOPTER THAT IDENTIFIES AS AN AIRPLANE by Will Dabbs

The 1984 TV show Airwolf captured the imagination of a generation of young American males. I counted myself among them. The basic premise had a rogue pilot named Stringfellow Hawke stealing a classified state-of-the-art military helicopter gunship and then using it to fight crime or vanquish evil or some such.

V-22 Osprey takes off from USS Wasp LHD-1
A United States Marine Corps MV-22 Osprey executes a vertical takeoff from the flight deck of the Amphibious Assault Ship USS Wasp (LHD-1). Image: PH3 Timothy Bensken/U.S. Navy

Forget for a moment that such a machine would require vast amounts of profoundly expensive maintenance and support. Arming the thing once would cost more than I’ll make in a lifetime. Regardless, the Airwolf helicopter looked cool. It was gratuitous rotating eye candy.

Bell Boeing MV-22 Osprey USMC crisis response force kuwait
Marines assigned to Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force Crisis Response — Central Command conduct maintenance on an MV-22 Osprey in Kuwait. Image: Lance Cpl. Andrew Skiver/U.S.M.C.

The most unbelievable aspect of this homogenously unbelievable show was that the pilot could hit a button on the cyclic, light up some kind of afterburners, and accelerate his gunship to supersonic speeds. That’s not only ridiculous, it’s against the law — like the laws of the universe. That simply can’t happen.

special operations Marine waits for MV-22B Osprey to land
A U.S. Marine with a Marine Special Operations Battalion (MSOB) waits for a MV-22B Osprey during a training exercise in Colorado. Image: Lance Cpl. Ryan G. Coleman/U.S.M.C.

A Wee Bit of Physics

Generally speaking, the maximum airspeed of any helicopter is limited by the rotor tip velocity of the advancing rotor blade. The rotors on most western aircraft turn in a counterclockwise direction when viewed from above. Combloc and, inexplicably, French helicopters turn clockwise.

V-22 Osprey tiltrotor aircraft presentation 1987
This image shows part of an informational presentation on the prototype V-22 tiltrotor aircraft, circa 1987. The V-22 was a joint development effort between Bell and Boeing. Image: NARA

The absolute speed of the rotor tip of the retreating blade at the 9 o’clock position is the airspeed minus the rotational velocity of the rotor system. The absolute speed of the rotor tip of the advancing blade at the 3 o’clock position is the sum of the airspeed and the rotational velocity of the rotor system. As the advancing rotor tip approaches the speed of sound you begin to have problems with compressibility. This is the limiting factor in helicopter airspeeds.

V-22 Osprey test plane at Pax River
An off centerline front view of the V-22 Osprey tilt-wing test aircraft on the flightline at Naval Air Station Patuxent River. Image: PHCS Terry Cosgrove/U.S. Navy

Generally speaking, the more blades you have, the slower the rotor system will turn. The slower the rotors turn, the faster the helicopter will fly. For this reason, an AH-64 Apache with four rotor blades is markedly faster than an OH-58 with just two.

V-22 Osprey components chart composite materials 1988
A 1988 chart depicting the advanced composite materials of the V-22 Osprey aircraft. The aircraft combines the performance of a helicopter with that of a conventional fixed-wing aircraft. Image: NARA

Aircraft designers have forever dreamt of the capacity to create a combat aircraft that would take off and land vertically like a helicopter but then cruise at serious airspeeds like an airplane. In each case, physics invariably intervened. Then in 1989 Bell engineers finally pulled it off with the first flight of the V-22 Osprey. The Osprey is the helicopter that identifies as an airplane.

prototype V-22 US Navy and Marine Corps Pax Patuxent River
A V-22 Osprey tilt-rotor test aircraft taxiing on the flightline at Pax River on May 15, 1995. Image: PHCS Terry Cosgrove/U.S. Navy

Technical Details

The tiltrotor V-22 Osprey is a breathtakingly complex piece of machinery. For starters, while each engine is located on the wingtip behind an oversized propeller blade, it is also mechanically linked to the opposite blade. Osprey crews call these appendages proprotors. In the event of a single engine failure, the remaining engine still powers both proprotors. Twin-rotor helicopters like the CH-47 Chinook operate the same way. Each engine drives both sets of blades independently.

V-22 Osprey mid-air in-flight refueling 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit MEU
A U.S. Air Force MC-130H conducts aerial refueling for U.S.M.C. MV-22 Osprey aircraft of the 15th Marine Expeditionary Unit. Image: Staff Sgt. Trevor T. McBride/U.S.A.F.

Advanced composite materials account for 43 percent of the Osprey’s weight. The V-22 incorporates three redundant fly-by-wire flight control systems to enhance survival in a high-threat environment. The aircraft is also capable of aerial refueling.

US Army paratroopers prepare to jump from Marine V-22
U.S. Army soldiers board a Marine Corps MV-22 Osprey aircraft as part of non-tactical airborne training at Fort Bragg, NC, July 26, 2021. Image: Col. David S. Yuen/U.S. Army

To transition effectively between the hover and forward flight, the engine nacelles gimble in a synchronized fashion around the wing. Transitioning between flight modes requires about 12 seconds.

The Osprey has to land from a hover as the blades are too long to allow a running landing.

US Marine pilots conduct preflight MV-22 Osprey
Marine pilots prepare their MV-22 for takeoff from Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti on Jan. 2, 2023. They transport combat troops and equipment within East Africa. Senior Airman Bryan Guthrie/U.S.A.F.

The technical challenges required to contrive a reliable flight control system that takes advantage of the tiltrotor’s radically unconventional design simply boggles the mind. This was the first entirely new type of flying machine in decades, and it was packed to the gills with unproven technology. Two of the first six prototypes were lost to crashes.

Marines loaded in MV-22
Packed tight in a MV-22 Osprey, these Marines participate in a training mission at Marine Crops Air Station New River in December of 1999. Image: Lance Cpl. Jacob Fuller/U.S.M.C.

By the late 1990s, flight testing at Pax River Naval Air Station was proceeding apace. Then in 2000 there were a further two fatal V-22 crashes that claimed a total of 23 Marines. This resulted in a fleet-wide grounding, detailed investigation, and fairly significant redesign. The version of the V-22 that emerged from this process was both safer and more reliable.

82nd Expeditionary Rescue Squadron pararescue with Marine V-22 in Africa — A small number of parajumpers are assigned to the Air Force Special Operations Command.
Pararescuemen with the 82nd Expeditionary Rescue Squadron load onto a V-22 at Camp Lemonnier, Djibouti. Their mission is to rescue U.S. service personnel in Africa. Senior Airman Blake Wiles/U.S.A.F.

Throughout it all, this profoundly expensive aircraft became all the more so. Each airframe costs Uncle Sam between $84 and $110 million depending upon how you crunch the numbers. Policy makers threatened to cancel the project regularly. However, today’s V-22 is a capable and effective combat aircraft.

V-22 Osprey engine overhaul on USS Makin Island
Sgt. Ryan Boele (left) and Lance Cpl. Nickolas Thomsen work to remove a MV-22 engine while aboard the USS Makin Island (LHD-8). Image: Cpl. April L. Price/U.S.M.C.

Capabilities

Marine Ospreys are designated MV-22. USAF versions are CV-22. The Jarheads demurred on the designation as they already called the Navy’s aircraft carriers CV’s. The MV-22B is 57 feet long, tops out at 42,712 pounds, and will carry between 24 and 32 combat troops. Power comes from a pair of Rolls Royce T406-AD-400 turboprop/turboshaft engines. Maximum speed at altitude is 305 knots or 351 mph.

USMC MV-22 Osprey takeoff from USS Kearsarge LHD-3
AB3 Terrell T. Washington braces himself against the rotor wash as a U.S.M.C. MV-22 Osprey lifts off from the flight deck of the USS Kearsarge (LHD-3). Image: Sarah E. Ard/U.S. Navy

There was an early proposal to create a sort-of gunship version of the Osprey with a chin-mounted GAU-19 three-barrel 12.7mm machinegun along with sundry external weapons pylons, but this was scrapped. Defensive armament consists of an M240 .30-caliber machinegun or M2 Browning .50-cal mounted on the aft ramp.

US Marine fires 50-cal machine gun from MV-22 Osprey
Cpl. Braden Mileski fires a .50-cal. machine gun from a MV-22 Osprey during a live-fire exercise conducted by the 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit. Image: Cpl. Yvonna Guyette/U.S.M.C.

The Interim Defense Weapon System (IDWS) mounted a retractable GAU-17 minigun under the nose along with remote sighting and sensor suites. 32 IDWS units were produced, and they saw combat service in Afghanistan. However, the gun assembly weighs 800 pounds and diminishes performance and payload as a result.

US Marines Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force — Crisis Response training V-22
Marines with Special Purpose Marine Air-Ground Task Force — Crisis Response — Central Command (SPMAGTF-CR-CC) conduct fast rope training from an MV-22 Osprey. Image: Cpl. Leah Agler/U.S.M.C.

Advanced terrain-following radar and directional infrared countermeasures make the V-22 a potent special operations deep-penetration platform. The V-22 has replaced the MH-53 Pave Low in Air Force special operations service. The Marines have used the MV-22 to replace their geriatric fleet of CH-46 Sea Knights.

MV-22 takeoff USS Bonhomme Richard during Cobra Gold
ABHC Patrick Dewberry braces himself as an MV-22 Osprey takes off from the USS Bonhomme Richard (LHD-6) during the Cobra Gold exercise. Image: PHA3 Michael Achterling/U.S. Navy

Ruminations

The V-22 still remains a controversial aircraft. As of late 2023, the V-22 fleet had suffered 16 full hull-loss accidents with a total of 62 fatalities out of a fleet of around 400 aircraft. Though the Osprey has been evaluated by a wide range of friendly nations, to date it has only seen operational service with the militaries of the United States and Japan. The astronomical price tag and unprecedented technology drive that train.

memorial for Marines killed in V-22 crash MV-22 Osprey
Marines killed in an MV-22 Osprey crash were represented at an April 17, 2000 memorial service by A.L.I.C.E. packs decorated with flowers and M-16A2 service rifles. Image: Sgt. Adrian Olguin/U.S.M.C.

The proprotor blades fold for storage, and the wing pivots to rest alongside the fuselage. This capability allows the V-22 to deploy onboard ships with limited storage space. The V-22 has by now logged hundreds of thousands of operational flight hours. Now that many of the bugs have been excised, the Marines claim it has the best safety record of any of their rotary-wing platforms.

V-22 Osprey lands on carrier deck
A MV-22 prepares to land aboard amphibious assault ship USS Kearsarge. It is underway for an Amphibious Ready Group/MEU Exercise (AMX). Image: Staff Sgt. Brittney Vella/U.S.M.C.

The V-22 was originally intended for use by all four services. However, the Army bowed out of the project early on for budget reasons.

USMC MV-22 landing on Royal Australian Navy HMAS Canberra L02
U.S. Marine Corps MV-22B Osprey lands on Royal Australian Navy HMAS Canberra (L02) during an exercise. Image: Petty Officer Christopher Szumlanski/Royal Australian Navy

Interestingly, the Big Green Machine recently announced its official replacement for the UH-60 Blackhawk helicopter. Drawing from a broad field of both conventional and unconventional designs, the Army ultimately settled upon the Bell V-280 Valor tiltrotor aircraft. It seems the legacy of the V-22 Osprey will indeed live on for generations to come.

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