The latest in the long-standing debate over violent video games: They do cause players to become more physically aggressive.
An international study looking at more than 17,000 adolescents, ages nine to 19, from 2010 to 2017, found playing violent video games led to increased physical aggression over time.
The analysis of 24 studies from countries including the U.S., Canada, Germany and Japan found those who played violent games such as “Grand Theft Auto,” “Call of Duty” and “Manhunt” were more likely to exhibit behavior such as being sent to the principal’s office for fighting or hitting a non-family member.
“Although no single research project is definitive, our research aims to provide the most current and compelling responses to key criticisms on this topic,” said Jay Hull, lead author of the study published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
“Based on our findings, we feel it is clear that violent video game play is associated with subsequent increases in physical aggression,” said Hull, associate dean of faculty for the social sciences at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, and the Dartmouth Professor of Psychological and Brain Sciences.
Video game violence has been a hot-button issue for more than a decade. Interest in research on video games’ potential for violence increased after it was learned Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, the two teenagers who committed the Columbine High School shooting, played the first-person shooting computer game “Doom.”
But in a 2011 Supreme Court decision overturning California’s ban on the sale of violent video games to minors, the late Justice Antonin Scalia dismissed a link between the games and aggression. “These studies have been rejected by every court to consider them, and with good reason: They do not prove that violent video games cause minors to act aggressively,” he wrote in the majority opinion.
Since then, an American Psychological Association task force report in 2015 found a link between violent video games and increased aggression in players but insufficient evidence that violent games lead to criminal violence.
Earlier this year, President Donald Trump convened a video game summit a month after the February shooting that killed 17 people at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla. Prior to that meeting, Trump said, “I’m hearing more and more people say the level of violence on video games is really shaping young people’s thoughts.”
The Dartmouth researchers sought to reduce confusion about research findings – including disputes about the association between violent games and aggression – with a finely structured meta-analysis.
Those in the study who played violent games, whether frequently or infrequently, had an increase risk of aggressive behavior. The new research echoes Hull’s previous finding that playing violent games equates to about twice the risk of being sent to the principal’s office for fighting during an eight-month period, he said. A separate 2014 study he oversaw of violent video games in 2,000 families is one of the 24 included in the meta-analysis.
The effect is “relatively small, but statistically reliable. The effect does exist,” Hull said.
While there’s not research suggesting violent video games lead to criminal behavior, Hull’s previous research suggests players may practice riskier behaviors such as reckless driving, binge drinking, smoking and unsafe sex.
“A lot of people ask, do these games really cause these kids to behave aggressively? I would say that is one possibility,” he said. “The other possibility is that it’s a really bad sign. If your kids are playing these games, either these games are having a warping effect on right and wrong or they have a warped sense of right or wrong and that’s why they are attracted to these games. Either way you should be concerned about it.”
In the research paper, Hull and the co-authors say they hope the findings will help research move “past the question of whether violent video games increase aggressive behavior, and toward questions regarding why, when, and for whom they have such effects.”
Follow USA TODAY reporter Mike Snider on Twitter: @MikeSnider.
Supporters argue that the felony murder rule is used disproportionately against women, young people and minorities. They said the change will merely assign blame for a death to the correct people
(Yeah, doesn’t matter that they help plan & assist in the crime! Plus they are part & parcel of the protected class!)
Law enforcement and victim advocacy groups vigorously objected. They worried it would allow people who committed crimes that led to a death to go free without accepting responsibility.
____________________________________ (Yeah but who cares? Just remember that Murder Victims always get Capital Punishment!)
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In a statement, Skinner called the bill “a fair and reasonable fix to California’s unjust felony murder rule.”
“California’s murder statute irrationally treated people who did not commit murder the same as those who did,” Skinner said. “SB 1437 makes clear there is a distinction, reserving the harshest punishment to those who directly participate in the death.”
____________________________________ Bottom Line – Its always about Money and how much it cost the state to lock this Scum up! Grumpy
WASHINGTON —
A former medic with the 3rd Special Forces Group (Airborne) who heroically fought his way up a mountain to render aid to his Special Forces teammates and their Afghan commando counterparts will receive the Medal of Honor.
White House officials announced that former Army Staff Sgt. Ronald J. Shurer II went above and beyond the call of duty April 6, 2008, while assigned to Special Operations Task Force 33 in Afghanistan during Operation Enduring Freedom. He will receive the highest military award for valor at a White House ceremony Oct. 1.
In April 2008, Shurer was assigned to support Special Forces operators working to take out high-value targets of the Hezeb Islami al Gulbadin in Shok Valley.
As the team navigated through the valley, a firefight quickly erupted, and a series of insurgent sniper fire, rocket-propelled grenades, and small arms and machine gun fire forced the unit into a defensive fighting position.
Around that time, Shurer received word that their forward assault element was also pinned down at another location, and the forward team had suffered multiple casualties.
With disregard for his safety, Shurer moved quickly through a hail of bullets toward the base of the mountain to reach the pinned-down forward element.
While on the move, Shurer stopped to treat a wounded teammate’s neck injury caused by shrapnel from a recent RPG blast.
Rendering Aid
After providing aid, Shurer spent the next hour fighting across several hundred meters and killing multiple insurgents.
Eventually, Shurer arrived to support the pinned down element and immediately rendered aid to four critically wounded U.S. units and 10 injured commandos until teammates arrived.
Soon after their arrival, Shurer and his team sergeant were shot at the same time. The medic ran 15 meters through a barrage of gunfire to help his sergeant.
Despite a bullet hitting his helmet and a gunshot wound to his arm, Shurer pulled his teammate to cover and rendered care.
Moments later, Shurer moved back through heavy gunfire to help sustain another teammate who had suffered a traumatic amputation of his right leg.
Keeping Enemy at Bay
For the next several hours, Shurer helped keep the large insurgent force at bay while simultaneously providing care to his wounded teammates. Shurer’s actions helped save the lives of all wounded casualties under his care.
Shurer also helped evacuate three critically wounded, teammates down a nearly vertical 60-foot cliff, all while avoiding rounds of enemy gunfire and falling debris caused by numerous airstrikes.
Further, Shurer found a run of nylon webbing and used it to lower casualties while he physically shielded them from falling debris.
Shurer’s Medal of Honor was upgraded from a Silver Star upon review
____________________________________Thank God, that we can still grow such MEN! Grumpy
It is a pity that I can’t get one out here! Grumpy
https://youtu.be/Ak9EJKChvM4
If I win the Lottery one of these days! This would be high on my wish list of shotguns. As it just screams high class and outstanding workmanship. Oh well, one day!
The Austrians really did made some strange looking guns back before Glock came around. Not that I do not think that the Glock is good looking pistol either! (I am not a Glock fan, sorry Gunny!)
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The Frommer Stop Pistol
Rudolf Frommer was born in Budapest, Hungary on 4 August 1868. Contrary to what many sources indicate, Frommer did not study engineering.
Another early design for an automatic weapon using a long recoil action, and the earliest I have found which utilizes a rotary bolt like the Frommer, is found in John M. Browning’s U.S. patent 659786, which he applied for on 6 June 1900 and which was issued on 16 October of that same year.
Rudolf Frommer applied for a British patent for an “Automatic Firearm with Sliding Barrel” on 11 October 1901, which was granted on 13 March 1902 as patent number 20362-1901.
The Model 1901 Frommer is remarkably compact, given its mechanical complexity. It consists of the receiver, barrel and barrel extension (referred to as the breech frame in the patent), and the bolt, containing the rotating breech block with locking lug which telescopes in and out of the bolt.
The Model 1906 Frommer was an updated form of the Model 1901.
The final version of the early Frommer pistol was the Model 1910.
The Frommer Stop
Probably when the redesign for the Model 1910 was completed Frommer had already begun work on a completely new design. The patent was applied for in Germany on 5 September 1911, and patent number 252983 was granted on 31 October 1912. In 1912 Frommer was granted British patent number 10566-1912 and Swiss patent number 60337 for “Improvements in Self-loading Pistols of the kind having Sliding Barrels.” The nature of the patent is described succinctly as follows:This invention relates to self-loading pistols of the kind in which the barrel slides backwards under the effect of the recoil and in which the breech block interlocks with the barrel. In weapons of the kind referred to it is necessary to provide springs for returning the barrel and breech-block respectively into the firing position after the recoil due to each discharge. It is generally desirable to make such weapons as short and light as possible, and in the construction of the same heretofore employed a difficulty was experienced in combining these desirable features with springs of sufficient length for effecting the self loading in an absolutely reliable man- ner. The object of the invention is to provide a construction which enables this difficulty to be overcome.
Like its predecessors, the Frommer Stop has three main components: the barrel, bolt, and receiver. The receiver has a metal housing on top in the form of two horizontal cylinders. The top cylinder is about half the diameter of the bottom cylinder. The top cylinder houses the dual return springs for the barrel and bolt, and a guide rod for both springs. The lower cylinder houses the barrel. The barrel has an extension on its rear to accept the bolt. A spring-loaded ejector is built into the inside wall of the barrel extension. The bolt has a rotating breech block that fits inside it. The firing pin runs through the middle of the breech block, and the extractor runs along one side of it. The breech block telescopes in helical grooves inside the bolt and has two lugs, one that serves as a guide and one that rotates into a recess inside the barrel extension to lock the breech when the bolt is all the way forward. The bolt is flattened on the bottom into a sort of full-length lug that fits into the cutaway bottom of the barrel extension, so the bolt is able to reciprocate inside the barrel extension, but cannot rotate.The connector bar runs inside the frame on the right side of the gun connecting the trigger with the tail of the sear. Just above the sear is the bolt catch, which engages the bolt at full recoil. The sear and the bolt catch are both tensioned by a vertical coil spring which sits between them. The grip safety locks the connector bar, and hence the trigger, but not the sear or any other part of the mechanism.
This is certainly one of the most complex mechanisms ever invented for a pistol. The breech remains positively locked until the bullet exits the barrel. However, because of the mechanical complexity of the weapon and the mass of the barrel, barrel extension, and bolt, a cartridge with a weak charge will not cycle the action. Donald Simmons points out that the bolt is installed from the rear and is retained by two lugs at the end of the recoil spring guide rod which “…are the only deterrents to the bolt continuing straight back, right off the frame of the pistol” and into the shooter’s face. I have never heard of this happening, but a more worrisome problem is detailed by R.K. Wilson. “The metal of the receiver is so thin and light that it is easily damaged by knocks and blows, a very slight one of which will produce binding against the barrel and totally incapacitate the weapon.”Early grips are of checkered hard rubber with an ‘FS’ monogram in an oval at the top. Later grips are of wood with vertical serrations and an ‘FS’ monogram in an oval at the top. All markings are on the left side of the gun. The serial number is stamped on the left grip tang. On military pistols there is an acceptance mark on the left bow of the trigger guard–this invariably starts with BP (for Budapest) followed by an Austrian or Austro-Hungarian seal, followed by the last two digits of the year of acceptance. Commercial proofs consist of a crown over BP in a circle. The guns are marked on the left side of the spring housing in capital serif letters as follows: FEGYVERGYAR-BUDAPEST·FROMMER- or FEGYVERGYAR-BUDAPEST·FROMMER- Magazines have holes drilled in both sides for viewing the cartridges, and are marked on the bottom of the thick baseplate either 7.65 FROMMER or FROMMER 7.65MM. I believe these markings have often led people to believe that the cartridge was something other than the 7.65mm Browning, and there is no doubt that the Hungarian cartridges were loaded to a higher pressure than most U.S. .32 ACP cartridges, but this is also true of many of the European-made Browning cartridges. The .32 Stop magazine holds 8 cartridges, while the .380 Stop magazine holds 7. FEGYVERGYAR-BUDAPEST·FROMMER- or FEGYVERGYAR-BUDAPEST·FROMMER- The .32 Baby magazine holds 6 cartridges, while the .380 version holds 5.
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Copyright 2011 by Ed Buffaloe. All rights reserved. |
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